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Interpretation: The excited state that has higher energy should be determined.
Concept introduction: Two or more atomic orbitals overlap to form a bond, these orbitals are called molecular orbitals. Count of molecular orbitals generated is same as count of atomic orbitals mixed.
There are two forms of molecular orbital and that includes bonding molecular orbital and antibonding molecular orbital.
Bonding molecular orbitals are those in that electrons are in between the nuclei of two atom.
Antibonding molecular orbitals are those in which electrons are away from the nuclei of two atom. Also, electrons in antibonding orbitals have generally higher energy compared to bonding orbital.
In sigma
In pi
In pi
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Chapter 6 Solutions
Principles of Modern Chemistry
- . Suppose a system of 4 molecules has a total energy of Etot = 4(+) where the energy of each molecule can be in the range Co. Co+c, co + 2e, co + 3c, co + 4e. Find all possible configurations, calculate the weight of each, identify most probable configuration, and calculate the probability of observing the o state.arrow_forward2. What are the term symbols for the microstates possible for the 1s 2s2p' electronic configuration of boron?arrow_forward6. The NaH molecule undergoes a rotational transition from J=0 to J=1 when it absorbs a photon of frequency 2.94×10' Hz. What is the equilibrium bond length of the molecule?arrow_forward
- A molecule can have various types of energies (translational, rotational, vibrational, and electronic), the sum of which is the molecule's total energy. E trans = (n +n + n²) Erot = J (J + 1) h² 87²1 Evib = (U+ 1 ) h hv h² 8mV (2/3) In the equations, nx, ny, nz, J, and u are quantum numbers, h is Planck's constant, m is the mass of the molecule, V is the volume of the container, I is the moment of inertia of the molecule, and v is the fundamental vibration frequency. For carbon monoxide, CO, the moment of inertia is I = 1.45 x 10-46 kg-m², and the fundamental vibration frequency is v = 2130 cm-¹. Let V = 12.5 L, and let all the quantum numbers be equal to 1. Calculate the translational, rotational, and vibrational energies per mole of CO for these conditions.arrow_forwardA rotating methane molecule is described by the quantum numbers J, MJ, and K. (a) For methane, how many rotational states have an energy equal to hBJ(J + 1) with J= 8? (b) Now consider chloromethane. How many rotationalstates have an energy equal to hBJ(J + 1) with J = 8?arrow_forward3. ^14N^16O (the superscripts represent the atomic mass number) (a) NO molecules rotate at an angular velocity of 2.01x10^12 rev/s, at the quantized rotational state with the rotational quantum number J of 3. Calculate the bond length of NO molecules. (b) Can NO molecules rotate under light irradiation? Explain your answer. (c) Calculate the effective force constant of the vibrational mode of NO at a frequency of 5.63x10^13 Hz measured by the infrared absorption spectrum. (d) NO has a bond energy of 6.29 eV. Applying the parabolic approximation to estimate the longest distance in which N and O atoms can be stretched before the dissociation of the molecular bondarrow_forward
- A). A molecule can have various types of energies (translational, rotational, vibrational, and electronic), the sum of which is the molecule's total energy. ?trans=(?^2?+?^2?+?^2?)(ℎ^2/8??^2/3) ?rot=?(?+1)ℎ^2/8?2? ?vib=(?+1/2)(ℎ?) In the equations, ??, ??, ??, ?, and ? are quantum numbers, ℎ is Planck's constant, ? is the mass of the molecule, ? is the volume of the container, ? is the moment of inertia of the molecule, and ? is the fundamental vibration frequency. For carbon monoxide, CO , the moment of inertia is ?=1.45×10−46 kg⋅m2, and the fundamental vibration frequency is ?=2130 cm−1. Let ?=12.8, and let all the quantum numbers be equal to 11 . Calculate the translational, rotational, and vibrational energies per mole of CO for these conditions. ?trans= J/mol ?rot= J/mol ?vib= J/mol B). If the electronic energy of CO is 9.14 eV per molecule, calculate the total energy of CO per mole. ?total= J/mol C). Which types of energy are…arrow_forwardQ5) Which of the following transitions are electric-dipole allowed? (i) 'Πε Π, (ii) ἦΣ → 'Σ, (iii) Σ+ Δ, (iv) Σ΄ «Σ, (v)Σ → Σ.arrow_forwardP7E.1 If the vibration of a diatomic A-B is modelled using a harmonic oscillator, the vibrational frequency is given by w=(k; /u)", where u is the effective mass, µ=m,m,/(m, +m,). If atom A is substituted by an isotope (for example H substituted for 'H), then to a good approximation the force constant remains the same. Why? (Hint: Is there any change in the number of charged species?) (a) Show that when an isotopic substitution is made for atom A, such that its mass changes from m, to m, the vibrational frequency of A'-B, wAp can be expressed in terms of the vibrational frequency of A-B, @ An as o x=0 A (H/H", where u AB and u, are the effective masses of A-B and A'-B, respectively. (b) The vibrational frequency of 'HCl is 5.63 x 10"s". Calculate the vibrational frequency of (i) 'H*Cl and (ii) 'H"Cl. Use integer relative atomic masses. A'Barrow_forward
- Deter mine the rote low ex pression for the following reetion and give units for K. 3Hz t Al, (so4dzarrow_forwardβ-Carotene (1) is a linear polyene in which 10 sing le and 11 double bonds alternate along a chain of 22 carbon atoms. If the length of each CC bond is taken to be about 140 pm , then the length L of the molecular box in β-carotene is L = 2.94 nm. Estimate the wavelength of the light absorbed bythis molecule when it undergoes a t rans it ion from its ground state to the next higher excited state.arrow_forwardProve the following identities. (a) [t, p²] = 2ihp (b) [p, ²] = -2ihâarrow_forward
- Chemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage LearningPrinciples of Modern ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305079113Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. ButlerPublisher:Cengage Learning
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