Concept explainers
Budget lapsing at army hospitals Budget lapsing occurs when unspent funds do not carry over from one budgeting period to the next. Refer to the Journal of Management Accounting Research (Vol. 19. 2007) study on budget lapsing at U.S. Army hospitals. Exercise 2.113 (p. 102). Because budget lapsing often leads to a spike in expenditures at the end of the fiscal year, the researchers recorded expenses per full-time equivalent employee for each in a sample of 1,751 army hospitals. The sample yielded the following summary statistics:
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Statistics for Business and Economics (13th Edition)
- What does the y -intercept on the graph of a logistic equation correspond to for a population modeled by that equation?arrow_forwardUrban Travel Times Population of cities and driving times are related, as shown in the accompanying table, which shows the 1960 population N, in thousands, for several cities, together with the average time T, in minutes, sent by residents driving to work. City Population N Driving time T Los Angeles 6489 16.8 Pittsburgh 1804 12.6 Washington 1808 14.3 Hutchinson 38 6.1 Nashville 347 10.8 Tallahassee 48 7.3 An analysis of these data, along with data from 17 other cities in the United States and Canada, led to a power model of average driving time as a function of population. a Construct a power model of driving time in minutes as a function of population measured in thousands b Is average driving time in Pittsburgh more or less than would be expected from its population? c If you wish to move to a smaller city to reduce your average driving time to work by 25, how much smaller should the city be?arrow_forwardDiscuss two extensions to the original GARCH (p,q) model and explain additional characteristics of financial data they might be able to capture.arrow_forward
- Year Quarter Price 2010 1 263600 2010 2 264100 2010 3 259500 2010 4 248900 2011 1 251400 2011 2 259200 2011 3 251400 2011 4 252000 2012 1 272300 2012 2 258600 2012 3 265500 2012 4 291200 2013 1 290500 2013 2 302400 2013 3 322900 2013 4 331000 2014 1 324700 2014 2 344400 2014 3 327500 2014 4 355400 2015 1 347200 2015 2 341000 2015 3 330800 2015 4 370300 2016 1 350800 2016 2 380000 2016 3 368600 2016 4 371100 2017 1 372500 2017 2 386300 2017 3 385500 2017 4 409700 2018 1 408000 2018 2 423400 2018 3 404300 Predictive Analytics: Time-Series Forecasting: The above contains data on median home prices in the West Census region quarterly from 2010 to2018. Easter Realtor, Inc. is interested in houses in this region. They want to use this data toforecast home price in the fourth quarter of 2018. For cross-validation, use the training set fromthe first quarter of 2010 to the fourth quarter in 2016, and use a validation set…arrow_forwardMeta-analysis helps researchers do which of the following: a. Investigate the effects of minimum wage increases through controlled laboratory experiments b. Infer the effects of increases in the minimum wage by averaging the results of other studies c. Generally find elasticity estimates for labor demand to be highly elastic d. Examine changes in the minimum wage in multiple countries I think answer is b. according to the literature below: "Research since 2007, however, has reported conflicting findings. Some studies use “meta-analysis,” averaging across a set of studies to draw conclusions. For example, Doucouliagos and Stanley (2009) report an average elasticity across studies of −0.19, consistent with earlier conclusions, but argue that the true effect is closer to zero; they suggest that the biases of authors and journal editors make it more likely that studies with negative estimates will be published. However, without strong assumptions it is impossible to rule out an…arrow_forwardCryptocurrencies have rapidly become an important alternative to traditional currencies for many types of transactions. Etherium, one of the most prominent cryptocurrencies, has rapidly appreciated in value. Daily Etherium trading information for the first 332 days of 2021. It includes the following variables: Date Day – Day of the year, used to assess trend over time Volume (US $) – Daily trading volume Opening Price (US $) – Opening price for daily trading Price Change (US $) – Daily change in price from opening to close 1. Determine the sample correlation coefficient, r, between Volume and Price Change. Test the alternative hypothesis that Volume has a linear relationship to Price Change. Specifically, what are the test statistic and the p-value for that test statistic? For α = .05, what do you conclude about the relationship between the variables? (reminder: the T.DIST.2T function requires input of a positive test statistic)arrow_forward
- 1. Over the past 40 years, the percentage of homes in the United States with smoke detectors has risen steadily, and has plateaued at about 96% as of 2015. With this increase in the use of home smoke detectors, we would expect that death rates due to home fires have decreased. The following table contains 17 years of data on the estimated percentage of homes with smoke detectors and the estimated home fire deaths per million people: Year 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Percentage of Homes with Smoke Detectors 0.48 0.65 0.72 0.74 0.75 0.8 0.79 0.83 0.84 0.86 0.88 0.9 0.95 0.96 0.97 0.96 0.96 Home Fire Deaths per Million People 23 20.9 17.4 20.6 19.5 19 17.7 16.3 13.7 14.5 14.4 13.1 11 11 10.3 8.5 8.2 a. Do you expect a positive or negative relationship between smoke detector use and deaths from home fires? Explain. b. Draw a scatterplot of these data. You can do it either by hand or using Excel. c. Compute the covariance and…arrow_forwardThe Seneca Children’s Fund (SCF) is a local charity that runs a summer camp for disadvantaged children. The fund’s board of directors has been working very hard over recent years to decrease the amount of overhead expenses, a major factor in how charities are rated by independent agencies. The following data show the percentage of the money SCF has raised that was spent on administrative and fund-raising expenses over the past seven years: Year Period (t) Expense (%) 2003 1 13.9 2004 2 12.2 2005 3 10.5 2006 4 10.4 2007 5 11.5 2008 6 10.0 2009 7 8.5 a. Construct a time series plot. What type of pattern exists in the data?b. Use simple linear regression analysis to find the parameters for the line that minimizes MSE for this time series.c. Forecast the percentage of administrative expenses for year 8.d. If SCF can maintain its current trend in reducing administrative expenses, how long will it take for SCF to achieve a level of 5% or less?arrow_forwardQuestion 3 Shoprite is a busy center for residents in East Legon and its surrounding community. Assume that 2 customers arrive every 12 minutes and 3 customers are served every 15 minutes and that currently, there is only one cashier. (i).Determine the average waiting time in minutes before service begins. (ii). Advice the management the proportion of the time that a customer has to wait. (B). Management perceives that the waiting time computed in (ii) above is not acceptable and is faced with two options. Management can either employ an assistant for the cashier or open a second cash machine. The former, if implemented, will enable 4 requests to be served every 15 minutes and the assistant will receive a monthly salary of GH₵160. The latter, if implemented will improve the arrival rate to 1 customer every 12 minutes. However, it requires an initial capital outlay of GH₵3000 and the cashier who will operate the cash machine will receive a monthly salary of GH₵250. The shop…arrow_forward
- 15. Exponential Smoothing is usually applied to: A. SHORT-TERM FORECASTING B. LONG-TERM FORECASTING C. BOTHarrow_forward4. The Fisher effect and the cost of unexpected inflation Suppose the nominal interest rate on car loans is 11% per year, and both actual and expected inflation are equal to 4%. Complete the first row of the table by filling in the expected real interest rate and the actual real interest rate before any change in the money supply. Time Period Nominal Interest Rate Expected Inflation Actual Inflation Expected Real Interest Rate Actual Real Interest Rate (Percent) (Percent) (Percent) (Percent) (Percent) Before increase in MS 11 4 4 Immediately after increase in MS 11 4 6 Now suppose the Fed unexpectedly increases the growth rate of the money supply, causing the inflation rate to rise unexpectedly from 4% to 6% per year. Complete the second row of the table by filling in the expected and actual real interest rates on car loans immediately after the increase in the money supply (MS). The unanticipated change in…arrow_forwardQuestion High-Roller Insurance Company insures the cost of injuries to the employees of ACME Dynamite Manufacturing, Inc. i) 30% of injuries are fatal and the rest are permanent total (PT). No other injury types occur. ii) Fatal injuries follow a loglogistic distribution with 0 = 400 and y = 2. iii) PT injuries follow a loglogistic distribution with 0 = 600 andy = 2. iv) There is a $750 deductible per injury. Calculate the probability that an injury will result in a claim to High-Roller. Possible Answers 30% but 35% but 40% but < 45% D E 2 45%arrow_forward
- Linear Algebra: A Modern IntroductionAlgebraISBN:9781285463247Author:David PoolePublisher:Cengage LearningFunctions and Change: A Modeling Approach to Coll...AlgebraISBN:9781337111348Author:Bruce Crauder, Benny Evans, Alan NoellPublisher:Cengage Learning