Principles of Biology
Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 6, Problem 1TY

According to the second law of thermodynamics.

  1. energy cannot be created or destroyed.
  2. each energy transfer decreases the disorder of a system.
  3. energy is constant in the universe.
  4. each energy transfer increases the disorder of a system.
  5. chemical energy is a form of potential energy.

Expert Solution & Answer
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Summary Introduction

Introduction:

Thermodynamics is known as the branch of physics which provides information about the correlation between heat and other forms of energy.

Answer to Problem 1TY

The correct answer is option (d) each energy transfer increases the disorder of a system.

Explanation of Solution

Explanation/justification for the correct answer:

Option (d) Each energy transfer increases the disorder of a system. According to the second law of thermodynamics, the entropy or disorderedness always tends to increase in an isolated system. The disorderedness increases with transfer of energy. For example: when heat is provided to a single molecule of five-membered carbohydrate, it leads to the formation of five molecules of carbon dioxide, which is more disordered as compared to single-molecule. So, the correct answer is option (d).

Explanation for incorrect answer:

Option (a) energy cannot be created or destroyed. This is the first law of thermodynamics known as the law of conservation of energy, and not the second law of thermodynamics So, this is an incorrect answer.

Option (b) each energy transfer decreases the disorder of a system. The event of energy transfer increases the related disorderedness with it. The disorderedness does not decrease on energy transfer. So, this is an incorrect answer.

Option (c) energy is constant in the universe. It is the first law of thermodynamics, according to which the energy can neither be created nor be destroyed. As a result, the total amount of energy present in the universe remains constant. So, this is an incorrect answer.

Option (e) chemical energy is a form of potential energy. The chemical energy to be known as the form of potential energy that comes under the first law of thermodynamics, and not the second law. So, this is an incorrect answer.

Conclusion

According to the second law of thermodynamics, each energy transfer increases the disorder of a system. Hence, the correct answer is option (d) each energy transfer increases the disorder of a system.

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