Principles of Biology
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781259875120
Author: Robert Brooker, Eric P. Widmaier Dr., Linda Graham Dr. Ph.D., Peter Stiling Dr. Ph.D.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 6.4, Problem 2CC
Summary Introduction
To determine:
The organic molecules that donate a phosphate group to ADP during substrate-level phosphorylation.
Introduction:
In the central dogma of molecular biology, the addition and removal of phosphate group play an important role. When a phosphate group is added on the residues of amino acids, that process is known as phosphorylation. The addition of phosphate group can activate or deactivate a reaction. For example, ADP molecules convert into ATP because of phosphorylation.
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What does the term “oxidative phosphorylation” mean? What is substrate-level phosphorylation? Are these processes the same? Explain.
What is the difference between substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation? Please give an example of each.
Why is the amount of ATP produced in cells that can undergo oxidative phosphorylation much greater than those that undergo substrate level phosphorylation only?
Chapter 6 Solutions
Principles of Biology
Ch. 6.1 - Which do you think has more entropy, an NaCl...Ch. 6.1 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 6.1 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 6.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 6.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 6.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 6.2 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 6.2 - An inhibitor raises the Km for an enzyme but has...Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 6.3 - Prob. 1TYK
Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 6.3 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 6.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 6.4 - Prob. 1BCCh. 6.4 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 6.4 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 6.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 6.5 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 6.6 - During the citric acid cycle, what happens to...Ch. 6.7 - Prob. 1CCCh. 6.7 - Prob. 2CCCh. 6.7 - Prob. 3CCCh. 6.7 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 6.7 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 6.7 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 6.8 - Prob. 1CCCh. 6.8 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 6 - According to the second law of thermodynamics....Ch. 6 - Reactions that release free energy are exergonic....Ch. 6 - Prob. 3TYCh. 6 - Prob. 4TYCh. 6 - Prob. 5TYCh. 6 - Prob. 6TYCh. 6 - Prob. 7TYCh. 6 - Prob. 8TYCh. 6 - Prob. 9TYCh. 6 - Prob. 10TYCh. 6 - Describe the mechanism and purpose of feedback...Ch. 6 - What causes the rotation of the y subunit of ATP...Ch. 6 - PRINCIPLES A principle of biology is that living...Ch. 6 - Discuss how life can maintain its order in spite...Ch. 6 - Prob. 2CBQ
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- Some microorganisms lack DHFR activity, but their thymidylate synthase has an FAD cofactor. What is the function of the FAD?arrow_forwardWhat is the major activator (non-allosteric, direct-activator) of phosphorylase? How does this activator activate phosphorylase (type of regulation)?arrow_forwardExplain how the g-glutamyl cycle acts to transport aminoacids across a membrane. How does the location of theg-glutamyl transpeptidase help drive this process?arrow_forward
- Is Glu-97 directly involved in reaction with the substrate (substrate = DHAP, enzyme = TIM)? What other role could it be playing in the catalytic mechanism in this enzyme?arrow_forwardWhat enzyme is catalyzed by the reaction of glutamate and NH4+ in order to yield glutamine? Is it uridylyltransferase, adenylyl transferase, glutamate transferase or glutamine synthase?arrow_forwardIn the reaction catalyzed by malate dehydrogenase, what molecules are classified as the reduced donor?arrow_forward
- Why can it be said that the enzymatic action is highly specific?arrow_forwardWhat would be the effect of a mutation that decreased the activity of phosphatidic acid phosphatase?arrow_forwardWhat is substrate-level phosphorylation? When does it occur during the breakdown of glucose to CO2?arrow_forward
- An arginine residue (Arg 210) in the a subunit of the E. coli ATP synthase is near the aspartate residue (Asp 61) in the matrix-side proton channel. How might Arg 210 assist proton flow?arrow_forwardD-glucose is added to cells and the rate of glucose transport is plotted against D- glucose concentration. In the presence of the D-galactose derivative 6-0-benzyl-D- galactose, the curve is shifted to the right, indicating that D-glucose and the D- galactose derivative both compete for a place in the binding site. External factors such as the addition of ATP or ion gradients doesn't change the rate of absorption into cells. Which of the following is true, select all that apply: O the enzyme is a uniport O mediated transport is occurring O non-mediated transport occurring O passive transport is occurring O active transport is occurringarrow_forwardAMP- PNP is a non-hydrolyzable ATP analog that cannot be metabolized by cells. Taurocholate is a bile acid that helps emulsify fats. When taurocholate is added to hepatocyte cell culture, it accumulates in those cells. The graph below shows the rate of cellular accumulation of the drug taurocholate in the presence of either ATP, ATP, or AMP-PNP. Based on this date, describe the mechanism by which taurocholate enters the cell. Justify the answer.arrow_forward
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