Connect With Learnsmart Labs Online Access For Prescott's Microbiology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781260408997
Author: Joanne Willey
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Higher Education (us)
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Chapter 6, Problem 1AL
Many classification schemes are used to identify bacteria. These start with
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Kinetics: One-Compartment First-Order Absorption
1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple routes of administration provides greater insight than a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250-g rats following bolus IV, oral (PO), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.
Using this data and set of graphs, determine:(calculate for each variable)
(a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data
(b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data
c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data
(d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip
(e)absolute ip bioavailability, Fip
(f) absolute po bioavailability, Fpo
3. A promising new drug is being evaluated in human trials. Based on preliminary human tests, this drug is most effective when plasma levels exceed 30 mg/L. Measurements from preliminary tests indicate the following human pharmacokinetic parameter values: t1/2,elim = 4.6hr, t1/2,abs = 0.34hr, VD = 0.29 L/kg, Foral = 72%. Based on these parameters, estimate the following if a 49 kg woman were to receive a 1000mg oral dose of this drug:
(a) Estimate the plasma concentration of the drug at 1hr, 6 hr, and 20hr after taking the drug ( Concentration estimate)
(b) Estimate the time for maximum plasma concentration (tmax).
(c) Estimate the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax).
(d) Estimate the time at which the plasma level first rises above 30 mg/L. (Note this is a trial and error problem where you must guess a time, plug it into the concentration equation, and determine if it is close to 30 mg/L. Hint: based on part (a) it should be apparent that the answer is less than 1hr.)
(e)…
Chapter 6 Solutions
Connect With Learnsmart Labs Online Access For Prescott's Microbiology
Ch. 6.2 - MICRO INQUIRY Which capsids are icosahedral? Which...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 2MICh. 6.2 - MICRO INQUIRY Why is T4 said to have binal...Ch. 6.2 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply 1. How are viruses similar...Ch. 6.2 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply 2. What is the difference...Ch. 6.2 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply 3. Compare the structure of...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 4CCCh. 6.2 - Retrieve, Infer, Apply 5. All four nucleic acid...Ch. 6.3 - MICRO INQUIRY Which of these mechanisms involves...Ch. 6.3 - MICRO INQUIRY Why do the empty capsids remain...
Ch. 6.3 - Explain why the receptors that viruses have...Ch. 6.3 - What probably plays the most important role in...Ch. 6.3 - How do you think the complexity of the viral...Ch. 6.3 - In general, DNA viruses can be much more dependent...Ch. 6.3 - Consider the origin of viral envelopes and suggest...Ch. 6.3 - Why are the proteins involved in virion assembly...Ch. 6.4 - Why is a lysogen considered a new or different...Ch. 6.4 - Define the terms lysogeny, temperate phage,...Ch. 6.4 - What advantages might a phage gain by being...Ch. 6.4 - Describe lysogenic conversion and its...Ch. 6.4 - How does a latent infection differ from a chronic...Ch. 6.4 - What is a cytocidal infection? What is a...Ch. 6.4 - Define the following terms: tumor, neoplasia,...Ch. 6.4 - Distinguish the mechanism by which dsDNA viruses...Ch. 6.5 - Prob. 1MICh. 6.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 6.5 - Given that viruses must be cultivated to make...Ch. 6.7 - What are viroids and why are they of great...Ch. 6.7 - How does a viroid differ from a virus? From a...Ch. 6.7 - What is a prion? In what way does a prion differ...Ch. 6.7 - Prob. 4CCCh. 6 - Prob. 1RCCh. 6 - Prob. 2RCCh. 6 - Many classification schemes are used to identify...Ch. 6 - The origin and evolution of viruses is...Ch. 6 - Consider the separate stages of an animal virus...
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- Select a diet and give a summary of the main components. Do a web search of the diet and choose one link that provides misinformation. Explain why the site itself and/or the information on the site is not credible. This should be a report. This site should be different from U.S News and World Report. For full credit, you must include the following information and elaborate in detail: The diet name The main components of the diet The misinformation website and link What misinformation is being provided in the other website and how did you determine it was not credible?arrow_forward1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple different routes of administration provides greater insight than just a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250 g rats following bolus iv, oral (po), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.Using this data and set of graphs, determine: (a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data (b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data (c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data (d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip (e) absolute po bioavailability, (f)Fpo absolute ip bioavailability, Fip MAKE SURE ANSWERS HAVE UNITS if appropriate. SHOW ALL WORK, including equation used, variables used and each step to your solution.arrow_forward2. Drug quantification from plasma is commonly performed by using techniques such as HPLC or LC/MS. However, these methods do have limitations, and investigators may choose to use a radiolabeled analog of a drug instead. Radioligands are molecules that contain radioactive isotopes, commonly 3H or 14C. This technique allows investigators to quantify drug concentration from radiation measurements. The following measurements were made in 250 g rats following oral administration of 18.2 µCi of a 14C-labeled drug of interest: Time (min) Plasma Radiation Levels (µCi/L) 0 0.0 2 9.7 4 19.2 7 25.3 9 37.8 12 39.6 14 45.8 17 48.8 20 52.0 25 56.4 30 59.2 35 60.1 40 61.1 45 62.1 50 62.8 60 63.1 70 62.1 80 60.1 90 57.3 100 55.5 110 53.7 120 52.2 150 48.0 180 45.0 240 39.0 Note that a µCi is a measure of the amount of radioactivity and hence is a measure of the amount of drug present. Given that the oral bioavailability of this drug is known to be essentially 100%, estimate the following from this…arrow_forward
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