Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 54, Problem 9TYK
The amount of energy available at the highest trophic level in an ecosystem is determined by:
a. only the gross primary productivity of the ecosystem.
b. only the net primary productivity of the ecosystem.
c. the gross primary productivity and the standing crop biomass.
d. the net primary productivity and the ecological efficiencies of herbivores.
e. the net primary productivity and the ecological efficiencies at all lower trophic levels.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
A conceptual model representing the role, interaction, reaction, and density of essential ecosystem components is shown below. Examine the model and the relationships between the major players (i.e., predator, prey, producer).
The structure's most important role is played by these major players. It's also worth noting that nutrition has been included in the model. This is the abiotic component that has a direct or indirect impact on the interaction.
Question: What can be deduced about the center of the circle?
A conceptual model representing the role, interaction, reaction, and density of essential ecosystem components is shown below. Examine the model and the relationships between the major players (i.e., predator, prey, producer). The structure's most important role is played by these major players. It's also worth noting that nutrition has been included in the model. This is the abiotic component that has a direct or indirect impact on the interaction.
Question: Why does the organism’s interaction appear in an oscillating pattern? What does it suggest?
Netprimary productivity is the primary productivity of an ecosystem, aftersubtracting energy lost in:a.dead plant tissues.b.inedible plant tissues.c.respiration by primary producers.d.respiration by primary consumers.e.inefficiencies of photosynthesis.
Chapter 54 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 54.1 - In the generalized compartment model of...Ch. 54.1 - Prob. 2SBCh. 54.1 - Prob. 3SBCh. 54.2 - What is the difference between gross primary...Ch. 54.2 - What environmental factors influence rates of...Ch. 54.2 - Why is energy lost from an ecosystem at every...Ch. 54.2 - Prob. 4SBCh. 54.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 54.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 54.3 - Prob. 3SB
Ch. 54.3 - What is Earths main reservoir for phosphorus, and...Ch. 54.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 54.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 54.4 - Prob. 3SBCh. 54 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 54 - The total dry weight of plant material in a forest...Ch. 54 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 54 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 54 - Which process moves nutrients from the available...Ch. 54 - Which of the following materials has a sedimentary...Ch. 54 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 54 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 54 - The amount of energy available at the highest...Ch. 54 - Which of the following statements is supported by...Ch. 54 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 54 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 54 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 54 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 54 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 54 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 54 - Prob. 1ITD
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which of the following statements BEST describes energy transfer in an ecosystem? A. If the primary producer has 175,000 kcal available, the secondary consumer will receive 17,500 kcal from the primary consumer. B. If the primary consumer has 175,000 kcal available, the secondary consumer will receive 17,500 kcal from the primary consumer. C. If the primary consumer has 175,000 kcal available, the tertiary consumer will receive 175 kcal from the secondary consumer. D. If the primary producer has 175,000 kcal available, the tertiary consumer will receive 17,500 kcal from the secondary consumer.arrow_forwardA conceptual model representing the role, interaction, reaction, and density of essential ecosystem components is shown below. Examine the model and the relationships between the major players (i.e., predator, prey, producer). The structure's most important role is played by these major players. It's also worth noting that nutrition has been included in the model. This is the abiotic component that has a direct or indirect impact on the interaction. Question: Based on this scenario, what is the most significant role of sea otters in the marine community? Why it’s important?arrow_forwardWhen hunting disrupts the balance in the food chain by removing all owls, there will be no predators on snakes, leading to their increase in numbers. Considering the scenario where the number of lost owls (4) is replaced by snakes, compute for energy units following in completing the table below. Trophic Levels No. Individuals in Each Trophic Level No. of Units Received from Trophic Level Above No. Units Used / Individual (Resp) No. Units Used in Trophic Level No. Units Remaining & Passed on to Next Trophic Level Mean No. Units Available per Individual in Trophic Level SUN +E = 6 1) Plants 30 2 2) Grasshopper 19 2 3) Frog 12 2 4) Snake 8 + 4 = 12 2 5) Owl 0 2arrow_forward
- An arctic tundra has a net primary productivity of 100 g m2 yr1 of C. Herbivores in the system ingest 33 g m2 yr1 of C, but then lose 26 g m2 yr1 of C through egestion and respiration, yielding an actual herbivore productivity of 5 g m2 yr1. What is the trophic efficiency (as a percentage) for this system? Your Answer: Answerarrow_forwardThe direction of the arrows in a trophic chain (as the one in the figure below) represents... A E O B) direction of movement of matter O Both B and C O A, B, and C O A) direction of consumption, from higher level consumer to lower level consumer O C) direction of movement of energy O Both A and Carrow_forwardA freshwater lake ecosystem has a total primary production of 20,000 kcal. Zooplankton, which are primary consumers, feed on the phytoplankton. Small fish, which are secondary consumers, feed on the zooplankton. Larger fish, which are tertiary consumers, feed on the small fish. How much energy would be available to the tertiary consumers according to the 10% energy rule? 200 20,000 20 2,000 0 2arrow_forward
- The number of trophic levels an ecosystem can support is driven by… (select all that apply) A- The amount of energy available (primary productivity) B- The speed of nutrient cycling (decomposition) C- The population size of top predators in the ecosystem D- The efficiency of energy transfer across trophic levels E- The composition of the plant communityarrow_forwardGross primary productivity refers to the total a. energy used by the heterotrophs of the ecosystem in a given period of time b. energy captured initially by the producers c. quantity of solar energy reaching a given area of the ecosystem d. quantity of solar energy available to the ecosystem in a given period of time e. energy used by the producers for their growth and reproductionarrow_forwardConstruct a biomass pyramid for the following hypothetical scenario. Be sure to include all four trophic levels in the pyramid, and provide the total biomass of living things found at each level. Be sure to include units, and label each trophic level. The shape of your pyramid should be based on the biomass of each trophic level. Levels with more biomass should be drawn wider, and levels with less biomass should be drawn thinner. Note that your biomass pyramid may or may not be a true pyramid. Scenario: Hickory Run Nature Reserve is a 150-acre conservation area filled with plants and animals native to the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. A baseline study was done to determine the total biomass of producers and consumers living on the reserve. Baseline data will be compared to data collected in future years to determine trends in species accumulation or loss. This comparison is important because the region surrounding the reserve is experiencing a high rate of human development…arrow_forward
- EcosystemA hasprimary production of 1000 g C /m2/yr and ecological efficiency of 10%. Ecosystem B has primary production of 300 g C /m2/yr and an ecological efficiency of 25%. a.Which ecosystem will have more production at thesecondary consumer (carnivore) trophic level? b.Which ecosystem is more likely to support an endothermic primary consumer (herbivore)? c.If atrophic level requires at least 1 gC/m2/yr in order to exist, how many trophic levels can each of these ecosystems support?d.Given your answer to part c, which do you thinkhas a larger impact on the energy available at upper trophic levels: primary productivity or efficiency of energy movement across trophic levels?arrow_forwardThe data shows the energy available per individual in the food chain illustrated in the diagram. 1.80- 1.60 1.40 1.20 1.00 0.80- 0.60 0.40 0.20 0.00 C D Organism Which trophic level represents the grass? A В energy/individual (J)arrow_forwardPLEASE ANSWER A AND B As we know, energy is lost moving from one trophic level to the next (total energy moved from one trophic level to the next is usually estimated at 10%). The total loss is known as trophic efficiency. Trophic efficiency is made of 3 parts (3 places where energy is lost). You need to pick TWO of the three individual efficiencies that make up the overall trophic efficiency and for EACH, tell me: a. What do we call this part of trophic efficiency? b. How is energy lost in this part of trophic efficiency? c. We discussed characteristics of an organism or environment that made it more or less efficient in certain parts of trophic efficiency (we did not use this one in class, but for instance, endoparasites have a higher xxxxxxx efficiency than ectoparasites). Tell me what characteristics of an organism/ecosystem (other than the example above) would make it more or less efficient for this part of Trophic efficiency. (Make sure to say what characteristics makes it…arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSON
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:PEARSON
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781259398629
Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa Stouter
Publisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9780815344322
Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
Publisher:W. W. Norton & Company
Laboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & Physiology
Biology
ISBN:9781260159363
Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, Cynthia
Publisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.
Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)
Biology
ISBN:9781260231700
Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael Windelspecht
Publisher:McGraw Hill Education
Ecology: Interspecific and Intraspecific Interactions | Ecology & Environment | Biology | FuseSchool; Author: FuseSchool - Global Education;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IiQTrA0-TE8;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY