BIOLOGY
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781260169614
Author: Raven
Publisher: RENT MCG
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Textbook Question
Chapter 52, Problem 4S
Spemann and Mangold were able to demonstrate that some cells act as “organizers” during development. What types of cells did they use? How did they determine that these cells were organizers?
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If we Remove transcription in the development equation, will an organism continue to exist?
How have we discovered that specific genes control development in an organism like Drosophila?
eve stripe 2 reporter
A
B
Hunchback
C
D
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Kruppel
E
F
D
In the early Drosophila embryo, the even-skipped (eve) gene is expressed in a striped
pattern. eve stripe #2 expression is controlled by a regulatory DNA sequence that
includes binding sites for the regulatory proteins Hunchback and Kruppel. The boxed
figure at left above shows the expression patterns, in the early embryo, of a reporter
gene joined to the eve stripe 2 regulatory sequence, and of the Hunchback and
Kruppel proteins. Which of the figures at right best predicts the expression pattern
of the eve stripe2 reporter (blue) in a mutant embryo lacking the Kruppel protein?
The dashed lines in each outline the eve stripe 2 position in a wild-type embryo.
Chapter 52 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 52.1 - Describe the events involved in fertilization.Ch. 52.1 - Prob. 2LOCh. 52.2 - Prob. 1LOCh. 52.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 52.2 - Prob. 3LOCh. 52.3 - Prob. 1LOCh. 52.3 - Compare gastrulation in different animals.Ch. 52.3 - Name the extraembryonic membranes in amniotes.Ch. 52.4 - Prob. 1LOCh. 52.4 - Prob. 2LO
Ch. 52.4 - Prob. 3LOCh. 52.5 - Prob. 1LOCh. 52.5 - Explain the function of the organizer.Ch. 52.5 - Distinguish between primary and secondary...Ch. 52.6 - Describe the major developmental events in the...Ch. 52.6 - Explain the role of the placenta.Ch. 52.6 - Prob. 3LOCh. 52 - Data analysis Two different genes have mutant...Ch. 52 - Prob. 1IQCh. 52 - Prob. 1UCh. 52 - Which of the following plays the greatest role in...Ch. 52 - Gastrulation is a critical event during...Ch. 52 - Gastrulation in a mammal would be most similar to...Ch. 52 - Prob. 5UCh. 52 - Of the following processes, which occurs last? a....Ch. 52 - Which of the following would qualify as a...Ch. 52 - Prob. 1ACh. 52 - In the Spemann experiment, when the dorsal lip is...Ch. 52 - Suppose that a burst of electromagnetic radiation...Ch. 52 - Prob. 4ACh. 52 - Drug or alcohol exposure during which of the...Ch. 52 - Axis formation in amniotic embryos could be...Ch. 52 - Prob. 1SCh. 52 - You look up from your studying to see your dog,...Ch. 52 - Why doesnt a woman menstruate while she is...Ch. 52 - Spemann and Mangold were able to demonstrate that...
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- As shown in Figure 13-26, the Sonic hedgehog gene is expressed in many places in a developing chicken. Is theidentical Sonic hedgehog protein expressed in each tissue? If so, how do the tissues develop into different structures? If not, how are different Sonic hedgehog proteinsproduced?arrow_forwardAnother way to study the role of proteins (e.g., transcription factors) that function in development is to microinject the mRNA that encodes a protein, or the purified protein itself, into an oocyte or embryo, and then determine how this affects the subsequent development of the embryo, larva, and adult. For example, if Bicoid protein is injected into the posterior region of an oocyte, the resulting embryo will develop into a larva that has anterior structures at both ends. Based on your understanding of the function of each developmental gene, what would be the predicted phenotype if the following proteins or mRNAs were injected into normal oocytes? A. Nanos mRNA injected into the anterior end of an oocyte B. Antp protein injected into the posterior end of an embryo C. Toll mRNA injected into the dorsal side of an early embryoarrow_forwardDiscuss the role of homeotic genes in development. Explain what happens to the phenotype of a fruit fly when a gain-of-function mutation in a homeotic gene causes the protein to be expressed in an abnormal region of the embryo. What are the consequences of a loss-of-function mutation in such a gene?arrow_forward
- An embryologist measures the concentrations of three morphogens (A, B, C) in a row of cells across an embryo, from anterior to posterior. The morphogens cause the expression of various colored pigments as indicated in the graphs. Anterior Posterior Expression of Blue protein only [A] Expression of Red protein only Expression of Green protein only Anterior Posterior [B] Repression of Purple protein Activation of Red protein Anterior Posterior [C] Activation of Yellow protein Which shows the correct expression of pigments expressed in response to Morphogen A? Anterior Posterior Anterior Posterior Anterior Posterior Anterior Posteriorarrow_forwardRunt is a Drosophila gene involved in development. Mutation of runt leads to an embryonic lethal phenotype in which every other segment in the body plan is missing. What class of developmental genes does runt belong to? O a) Pair-rule genes O b) Segment polarity genes Oc) Homeotic genes O d) Gap genesarrow_forwardWhy is the process of differentiation essential to specialization? Give an example.arrow_forward
- Which of the following best describes the concept of cell differentiation during the development of a multicellular organism? A. During development, all of the genes in the embryo's cells are expressed at first, but fewer and fewer are expressed as time proceeds. B. During development, different sets of genes are deleted from different cell types so that at the end of development, each cell has only the genes it needs. C. During development, different cells become specialized to have different phenotypes even though they all originated from the same cell. ..arrow_forwardSignal transduction pathways are important mechanisms for cell-to-cell communication in multicellular organisms. How do the target cells typically respond when they receive signals from neighboring cells during very early stages of embryo development? A. The target cells move to one of the poles to establish the anterior-posterior body axis. B. The target cells undergo changes in gene expression, sending them down a specific developmental path. C. The target cells stop dividing so the neighboring cells have time to get to the same stage of development. D. The target cells activate a collection of miRNAs to accelerate transcription and cell division.arrow_forwardWhat are the explanatory approaches to development? List down three approaches and give a situation where such approach was used in order to explain a phenomenon or concept in developmental biology.arrow_forward
- You isolate a glp-1 mutation of C. elegans and discover that the DNA region encoding the spatial control region (SCR) has been deleted. What will the GLP-1 protein expression pattern be in a four-cell embryo in mutant heterozygotes? In mutant homozygotes?arrow_forwardUsing Figure 22.6, indicate the stage at which segmentation genes, homeotic genes, and egg-polarity genes would have an effect on development.arrow_forwardYou isolate a glp-1 mutation of C. elegans and discoverthat the DNA region encoding the spatial control region(SCR) has been deleted. What will the GLP-1 protein expression pattern be in a four-cell embryo in mutant heterozygotes? In mutant homozygotes?arrow_forward
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