Biology
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780134813448
Author: Audesirk, Teresa, Gerald, Byers, Bruce E.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Chapter 5.1, Problem 1CSC
Vicious Venoms
Some of the most devastating effects of certain snake and spider venoms occur because they contain phospholipids, enzymes that break down phospholipids. You now know that phospholipids are a major component of cell membranes, which isolate the cell’s contents from its surroundings. As the phospholipids degrade, the membranes become leaky, causing the cells to die.
As if phospholipids aren't deadly enough, snake venoms also contain enzymes that break down proteins. What functions do membrane proteins serve?
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Students have asked these similar questions
The diagram below illustrates the molecular structure of the cell membrane.
The phospholipid bilayer of a cell membrane
A
B
polar
group
с
phosphate
glycerol
Which of the following is false about the way in which the cell membrane maintains its structure?
D
water
water
The different components of an individual phospholipid are held by covalent bonds.
The attraction between the individual lipid tails inside the cell membrane is maintained
by van der Waals forces.
The attraction between the phosphate groups and the water molecules inside and out.
side of the cell is maintained by hydrogen bonds.
The bonds between the individual phospholipids that make up the cell membrane are
connected by covalent bonds.
Phospholipid tails can be saturated or unsaturated (Chapter 2).This is true of phospholipids in plasma membranes as well. Which type—saturated or unsaturated— would make the membrane more fluid? Why?
phospholipid
bilayer
O protein
10
O cholesterol
n
protein
cholesterol
Using the diagram above, which component of this membrane contains a hydrophobic region and
acts as the primary barrier to most foreign substances"
carbohydrate chain
carbohydrate
chain
Ophospholipid bilayer
Chapter 5 Solutions
Biology
Ch. 5.1 - Vicious Venoms Some of the most devastating...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 1TCCh. 5.1 - Prob. 2CSCCh. 5.1 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 5.1 - diagram and describe the fluid mosaic model of...Ch. 5.1 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 5.2 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 5.2 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 5.3 - What is likely to have happened If, instead of...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 1HYEW
Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 2TCCh. 5.3 - If a plant cell is placed in water containing no...Ch. 5.3 - Would a cell over use active transport to move...Ch. 5.3 - Prob. 5TCCh. 5.3 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 5.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 5.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 5.3 - Prob. 6TCCh. 5 - Animal cells are surrounded by________ fluid is...Ch. 5 - Which of the following cannot enter a cell by...Ch. 5 - Prob. 3MCCh. 5 - Prob. 4MCCh. 5 - Prob. 5MCCh. 5 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 5 - A membrane that is permeable to some substances...Ch. 5 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 5 - After each molecule, place the two-word term that...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5FIBCh. 5 - Prob. 1RQCh. 5 - Prob. 2RQCh. 5 - What are the five categories of proteins commonly...Ch. 5 - Prob. 4RQCh. 5 - Define hypotonic, hypertonic, and isotonic. What...Ch. 5 - Describe the following types of transport...Ch. 5 - Prob. 7RQCh. 5 - Prob. 8RQCh. 5 - Prob. 1ACCh. 5 - Predict and sketch the configuration that ten...
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- Which of the following is a true statement? Sphingolipids contain 2 hydrophobic, acyl chains Phospholipids contain 3 hydrophobic acyl chains Sphingolipids are completely no-polar, hydrophobic molecules The different types of phospholipids do not have different physical properties when in the membranearrow_forwardKate and Lisa discuss the phospholipid cell membrane. What causes the phospholipid molecules to orient themselves the way they do in the bilayer? O Enzymes arrange the phospholipid molecules in a bilayer to maximize their energy. O The polar phospholipid tails interact with water while the nonpolar phospholipid heads avoid water. O It follows the "like repels like" rule. The polar phospholipid heads interact with water while the nonpolar phospholipid tails avoid water. O The entire phospholipid molecule is nonpolar and avoids water. O The entire phospholipid molecule is hydrophilic.arrow_forwardCholesterol is an integral part of plasma membranes. Based on its structure and characteristics, where is it found in the membrane? O on the extracellular surface Owithin the tail portion of the bilayer O attached to the intracellular surface O embedded with the phospholipid heads Previous Page Page 3 of 7arrow_forward
- Indigenous populations of Southern Africa have traditionally eaten a spiny succulent plant called Hoodia gordonii to supress appetite when making long hunting trips across the Kalahari Desert. Weight-loss researchers in the US have marketed the active ingredient in this endangered plant , a steroid, as a spray gel which they claim is directly absorbed through the skin. Using what you know about how molecules move across phospholipid bilayers, do you think this drug can be absorbed this way? O Yes, small hydrophilic molecules can pass through the phospholipid bilayer. O No, hydrophobic molecules get caught in the hydrophobic center of the phospholipid bilayer. O Yes, small hydrophobic molecules pass through the phospholipid bilayer. O No, only natural molecules normally found in the body can pass through the phopholipid bilayer.arrow_forwardPhospholipidsarrow_forwardA phospholipid ________. has both polar and nonpolar regions is made up of a triglyceride bonded to a phosphate group is a building block of ATP can donate both cations and anions in solutionarrow_forward
- Cell membranes consists mainly of ________ and ________ . a. lipids; carbohydrates c. lipids; phospholipids b. phospholipids; protein d. phospholipids; ECMarrow_forwardThe tails of the phospholipids of the plasma membrane are composed of _____ and are _____? a. phosphate groups; hydrophobic b. fatty acid groups; hydrophilic c. phosphate groups; hydrophilic d. fatty acid groups; hydrophobicarrow_forward(a). Phospholipids are amphipathic molecules which have hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. Explain how this feature benefits the cell. (Give ONE reason) (2) (b). Give ONE difference between a saturated phospholipid and an unsaturated phospholipid. (2)arrow_forward
- Which is a characteristic of the phospholipids in cell membranes? Select one: O Phospholipids in a membrane interact with other membrane molecules, in part, through covalent forces O Phospholipids in a membrane interact with other membrane molecules through non-covalent forces O Increasing the proportion of protein in a membrane increases the amount of membrane symmetry O Increasing the proportion of saturated fatty acids in a membrane increases membrane fluidity O A phospholipid molecule glows in the dark after exposure to visible lightarrow_forwardThe following figure shows a typical phospholipid. Suppose this molecule was incorporated into a cell membrane. Which letter indicates the portion of the molecule that would be exposed to the aqueous environment? CH₂ I H₂C-N¹-CH₂ CH₂ A H₂C H₂C H₂C CH₂ CH₂O HO CH ₂ H₂C H₂C CH₂ OH HO O–CH, H₂C H₂C H₂C CH₂ HC CH₂ CH₂ CH-O CH-OH H₂C CH₂ H₂C CH₂ H₂C/ H₂C H₂C H₂C H₂C CH₂ H₂C CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ H₂C/arrow_forwardCholesterol is an integral part of plasma membranes. Based on its structure, where is it found in the membrane? O within the tail bilayer O on the extracellular surface O embedded with the phospholipid heads O attached to the intracellular surfacearrow_forward
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