Campbell Biology In Focus
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780134203072
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 5.1, Problem 1CC
Plasma membrane proteins have carbohydrates attached to them in the ER and Golgi apparatus and then are transported in vesicles to the cell surface. On which side of the vesicle membrane are the carbohydrates?
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Proteins may be bound to the exoplasmic or cytosolic face of the plasma membrane by way of covalently attached lipids. What are the three types of lipid anchors responsible for tethering proteins to the plasma-membrane bilayer? Which type is used by cell-surface proteins that face the external medium? By glycosylated proteoglycans?
Draw and label a cell lipid bilayer and diagram how the following transport processes take place: passive diffusion of oxygen into the cell, facilitated diffusion of potassium into the cell, active transport of sucrose into the cell. Using different symbols (circles for oxygen, squares for sucrose, and triangles for potassium ions), show the relative concentrations (gradients) of these substances on the inside and outside of the cell. For example, to show that oxygen enters the cell by going “down” its gradient, you would draw more circles on the outside of the cell than inside the cell. Be sure to show and label membrane proteins when appropriate, and show the electric membrane potential using “+”s (pluses) on one side and “-”s (minuses) on the other side of the membrane. Also show the proton pump which uses ATP as a source of energy.
Carbohydrates are attached to plasma membrane proteins in the ER (see Figure 7.9). On which side of the vesicle membrane are the carbohydrates during transport to the cell surface?
Chapter 5 Solutions
Campbell Biology In Focus
Ch. 5.1 - Plasma membrane proteins have carbohydrates...Ch. 5.1 - WHAT IF? How would the membrane lipid composition...Ch. 5.2 - What property allows O2 and CO2, to cross a lipid...Ch. 5.2 - Why is a transport protein needed to move many...Ch. 5.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Aquaporins exclude passage of...Ch. 5.3 - How do you think a cell performing cellular...Ch. 5.3 - WHAT IF? If a Paramecium caudatum cell swims from...Ch. 5.4 - Sodium-potassium pumps help nerve cells establish...Ch. 5.4 - Prob. 2CCCh. 5.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Review the characteristics of the...
Ch. 5.5 - As a cell grows, its plasma membrane expands. Does...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 5.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS In Concept 4.7, you learned that...Ch. 5.6 - During an epinephrine-initiated signal in liver...Ch. 5.6 - When a signal transduction pathway involves a...Ch. 5.6 - WHAT IF? How can a target cells response to a...Ch. 5 - In what way do the membranes of a eukaryotic cell...Ch. 5 - Which of the following factors would tend to...Ch. 5 - Phosphorylation cascades involving a series of...Ch. 5 - Lipid-soluble signaling molecules, such as...Ch. 5 - Which of the following processes includes all the...Ch. 5 - Based on Figure 5.17.which of these experimental...Ch. 5 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 5 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY Extensive...Ch. 5 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION Paramecium and other...Ch. 5 - FOCUS ON INTERACTIONS A human pancreatic cell...Ch. 5 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE In the supermarket,...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Proteins may be bound to the exoplasmic or cytosolic face of the plasma membrane by way of covalently attached lip- ids. What are the three types of lipid anchors responsible for tethering proteins to the plasma membrane bilayer? Which type is used by cell surface proteins that face the external medium? By glycosylated proteoglycans?arrow_forwardExocytosis Exocytosis (below) is an active transport process in which a secretory vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane and expels its contents into the extracellular space. In multicellular organisms, various types of cells (e.g. endocrine cells and nerve cells) are specialized to manufacture products, such as proteins, and then export them from the cell to elsewhere in the body or outside it. (DID YOU KNOW? The contents of the Exocytosis (and its counterpart endocytosis) require energy because they involve maverment of cytoskeletal proteins. vesicle are expelled into the extracellular space. Plasma membrane Vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane. Vesicle from the Golgi carrying molecules for export moves to the perimeter of the cell. From Golgi apparatus Nerve cell NT Golgi apparatus forming vesicles Nerve cell The transport of Golgi vesicles to the edge of the cell and their expulsion from the cell occurs through the activity of the cyloskeleton. This requires energy (ATP).…arrow_forwardGaucher disease, caused by the inhibited digestion of lipids, results in the accumulation of fatty acids within many organs in the body and leads to their subsequent dysfunction. Which of the following describes the most likely subcellular component and related process responsible for the development of Gaucher disease? A B с D Lysosomes contain insufficient amounts of enzymes necessary for the metabolism of lipids. The Golgi complex produces vesicles with highly permeable membranes that cannot ef- fectively regulate the movement of particles. Mitochondria are not producing a sufficient amount of ATP required for the digestion of lipids. The rough endoplasmic reticulum contains an unusually high number of ribosomes, re- sulting in an overproduction of digestive enzymes.arrow_forward
- What is the role that transport vesicles play in endocytosis, exocytosis, and the movement of materials between one membrane-enclosed organelle and another?arrow_forwardAmong the statements a, b and c, which is/are false? a) Endocytosis is the formation of vacuoles by the plasma membrane for the purpose oftransport inside the cell a small content of extracellular fluid. b) Exocytosis is the formation of vacuoles by the plasma membrane for the purpose oftransport a small amount of intracellular fluid out of the cell. c) Pinocytosis is a form of endocytosis. d) All of these statements are false. e) None of these statements is false.arrow_forwardWhat materials can easily diffuse through the lipid bilayer, and why? What is receptor-mediated endocytosis said to be more selective than phagocytosis or pinocytosis? What do osmosis, diffusion, filtration, and the movement of ions away from like charges all have in common? In what do they differ?arrow_forward
- Proteins which are only on one side of the plasma membrane and may not interact with the phospholipids directly. The proteins are often involved in intracellular signialing. a) cholesterol b) peripheral protein c) integral proteins D) glycolipidarrow_forwardAmmonia (NH3) is a weak base that under acidic conditions becomes protonated to the ammonium ion in the following reaction: NH3 + H+ → NH+4 NH3 freely permeates biological membranes, including those of lysosomes. The lysosome is a subcellular organelle with a pH of about 4.5–5.0; the pH of cytoplasm is about 7.0. What is the effect on the pH of the fluid content of lyso- somes when cells are exposed to ammonia? Note: Ammo- nium (NH4+) does not diffuse freely across membranes.arrow_forwardSecretory vesicles fuse with the cell membrane to release their contents to the outside of the cell. In this process, the membrane of the secretory vesicle becomes part of the cell membrane because small pieces of the membrane are continually added to the cell membrane, one would expect the cell membrane to become larger and larger as secretion continues. The cell membrane stays the same size, however. Explain how this happens.arrow_forward
- Eukaryotic membrane fluidity can be increased by which of the following mechanisms? increasing the number of carbons in the fatty acids of membrane lipids increasing the number of fatty acids attached to glycerol in membrane lipids increasing the number of straight-chain fatty acids of membrane lipids increasing the degree of unsaturation in the fatty acids of membrane lipids increasing the number of membraned organelles in the eukaryotic cellarrow_forwardSome scientists claim that prokaryotes like bacteria have membrane bound organelles, like chromatophores, anammoxosomes and magnetosomes. What really is the truth because it is widely known that prokaryotes do not have membrane bound organelles. Are these claims true or merely speculative? If this is true, what is the physiological basis for this?arrow_forwardWhy is the plasma membrane descibed as a semipermeable membrane? why are proteins required to augment the functions of hte phospholipid bilayer that forms the backbone of cell membranes? distinguish between the different types of molecular transport, why are they necessary, how do they enhance cellular functions, why are some cellualar processes free while others require the input of energy?arrow_forward
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