Microbiology: An Introduction, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Microbiology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (13th Edition)
13th Edition
ISBN: 9780134729336
Author: Gerard J. Tortora, Berdell R. Funke, Christine L. Case, Derek Weber, Warner Bair
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 5, Problem 5R
There are three mechanisms for the phosphorylation of ADP to produce ATP. Write the name of the mechanism that describes each of the reactions in the following table.
| ATP Generated by | Reaction |
| a. ______ | An electron, liberated from chlorophyll by light, is passed down an electron transport chain. |
| b. ______ | Cytochrome c passes two electrons to cytochrome a. |
| c. ______ |  |
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In the Light Reaction of Photosynthesis, the sun excites electrons in pigment molecules in the photosystems. These excited electrons and (H+ ions) go through electron transport systems. Keep in mind that if this process continued as stated, the pigment molecules would run out of electrons, but fortunately there is a way in which the excited electrons are replaced. Explain how the electrons are ultimately replaced and what the important byproduct is.
A. The C4 plant performs photosynthesis more efficiently than the C3 when the CO2 concentration is 600ppm or less. Provide one reason why the rate of photosynthesis doesn’t change for the C4 plant when the CO2 concentration increases above 400 ppm.
B. Discuss what is happening in the C3 plant when the CO2 levels are below 50 ppm. Provide one reason why this does NOT happen to the C4 plant.
The ultimate source of energy in our planet is sunlight. In the first stage of photosynthesis, light energy is captured in chlorophyll-containing reaction centers (PSII and PSI). What is the first step in the capture of light energy at PSII?
a. The energy carriers ATP and NADPH + H+ are synthesized.
b. CO2 reacts with the C5 sugar ribulose-1,5-bis-phosphate in the first step of the Calvin cycle.
c. Starch is synthesized.
d. H2O is photolyzed and its electrons are captured by special chlorophyll molecules.
e. Sucrose is synthesized from glucose and fructose.
Chapter 5 Solutions
Microbiology: An Introduction, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Microbiology with Pearson eText -- Access Card Package (13th Edition)
Ch. 5 - Prob. 1RCh. 5 - DRAW ITUsing the diagrams below, show each of the...Ch. 5 - DRAW IT An enzyme and substrate are combined. The...Ch. 5 - Define oxidation-reduction, and differentiate the...Ch. 5 - There are three mechanisms for the phosphorylation...Ch. 5 - All of the energy-producing biochemical reactions...Ch. 5 - Fill in the following table with the carbon source...Ch. 5 - Write your own definition of the chemiosmotic...Ch. 5 - Why must NADH be reoxidized? How does this happen...Ch. 5 - NAME IT What nutritional type is a colorless...
Ch. 5 - Which substance in the following reaction is being...Ch. 5 - Which of the following reactions produces the most...Ch. 5 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 5 - Which of the following compounds has the greatest...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 5 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 5 - Which culture produces the most lactic acid? Use...Ch. 5 - Which culture produces the most ATP? Use the...Ch. 5 - Which culture uses NAD+? Use the following choices...Ch. 5 - Which culture uses the most glucose? Use the...Ch. 5 - Explain why, even under ideal conditions,...Ch. 5 - The following graph shows the normal rate of...Ch. 5 - Compare and contrast carbohydrate catabolism and...Ch. 5 - How much ATP could be obtained from the complete...Ch. 5 - The chemoautotroph Acidithiobacillus can obtain...Ch. 5 - Haemophilus influenzae requires hemin (X factor)...Ch. 5 - The drug Hivid, also called ddC, inhibits DNA...Ch. 5 - The bacterial enzyme streptokinase is used to...
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- Explain the following statement: The O2 generated by photosynthesis is simply a by-product of the pathway’s generation of carbohydrates and ATP.arrow_forwardTo understand photosynthesis, it is important to first understand the larger picture of what molecules the cell uses and generates and how the different molecules cycle between different reactions. The diagram shows a broad overview of the two stages of photosynthesis. Select the label that best corresponds to the lettered blanks in the diagram below. The parentheses represent the choices for each label on the graph. A. (ADP, ATP, O2, Co2) B. (NADPH, Sugars, NADP+, Sunlight) C. (H2O, Sugars, O2, Co2) D. (Sugars, Co2, O2)arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is TRUE? Select one: a. The immediate product of the light energy absorbed by the P680 reaction center is used to produce NADPH. b. In cyclic photophosphorylation, the chlorophyll is reduced by electrons liberated from water molecules. c. The O2 gas produced during photosynthesis is derived from CO2. d. In noncyclic photophosphorylation, electrons from water are used directly for the reduction of P700. e. All of the statements are false.arrow_forward
- A culture of the single celled organism Chlamydomonas is actively carrying out photosynthesis in the presence of light and CO2. If you turned off the light, how would you expect the amounts of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate to change over the next minute? How about if you left the light on and removed the CO2?arrow_forwardThe end product(s) of the light independent reactions (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis is glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. Where (if any) can this product enter into catabolic metabolism to make ATP for the cell? Select one: a. the Kreb’s cycle since the end product is pyruvate b. the energy investment stage (step 1) of glycolysis c. the energy payoff stage of glycolysis d. oxidative phosphorylation since the end product(s) are ATP and NADHarrow_forwardA culture of the single celled organism Chlamydomonas is actively carrying out photosynthesis in the presence of light and CO2. If you turned off the light, how would you expect the amounts of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate and 3-phosphoglycerate to change over the next minute? How about if you left the light on and removed the CO2? Please answer these questions with specific references to the Calvin cycle.arrow_forward
- Which of the following best describes the action of cytochrome c oxidase? a. Cytochrome c oxidase combines water and oxygen to produce hydrogen peroxide. b. Cytochrome c oxidase transports electrons out of the respiratory reaction. c. Cytochrome c oxidase enables oxygen to accept electrons at the end of the electron transport respiratory chain. d. Cytochrome c oxidase converts hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen. e. Cytochrome c oxidase reduces thiosulfate anion to hydrogen sulfide.arrow_forwardArrange the following in the order they appear in electron transport. a. FAD, coenzyme Q, cytochrome c Ob. FAD, cytochrome c, coenzyme Q Oc. Cytochrome c, FAD, coenzyme Q Od. Coenzyme Q, FAD, cytochrome carrow_forwardFigure 2 shows the absorption spectrum for chlorophyll a and the action spectrum for photosynthesis. Why are they different? In the thylakoid membranes, explain the main role of the antenna pigment molecules. Explain how energy is stored in ATP molecules. Summarize the steps in glycolysis.arrow_forward
- The figures below show the two different types of anaerobic respiration: alcoholic fermentation (left) and lactate fermentation (right). Read the descriptions in the table that follows, and then select whether each statement describes alcoholic fermentation, lactate fermentation, or both. Check all that apply. Generates lactate as an end by-product A. Alcoholic Fermentation B. Lactate Fermentationarrow_forwardAntimycin A (an inhibitor of electron trans port) is an inhibitor of photosynthesis in chloroplasts. Why is this likely to be so?arrow_forwardThe following equation (look photo) summarizes the reactants and products of A. Aeorbic respiration B. Photosynthesisarrow_forward
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