(a)
Interpretation:
The direction of the equilibrium shift when the concentration of hydrogen is increased has to be given.
Concept introduction:
Le-Chatelier Principle:
If a chemical system at equilibrium is disturbed the system will react in the direction that counteracts the disturbance the stress.
Example:
If the concentration of the reactant is increased the equilibrium of the reaction shifted to the right side.
If the concentration of the reactant is decreased the equilibrium of the reaction shifted to the left side.
(b)
Interpretation:
The direction of the equilibrium shift when the concentration of Hydrogen fluoride is increased has to be given.
Concept introduction:
Refer to part (a).
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 5 Solutions
Connect 1-Semester Online Access for Principles of General, Organic & Biochemistry
- Complete each of these reactions by filling in the blanks. Predict whether each reaction is product-favored or reactant-favored, and explain your reasoning. (a) (aq)+HSO4(aq)HCN(aq)+SO42(aq) (b) H2S (aq) + H2O() H3O+(aq) + _____ (aq) (c) H(aq) + H2O() OH(aq) +_____ (g)arrow_forwardWhen a mixture of hydrogen and bromine is maintained at normal atmospheric pressure and heated above 200. °C in a closed container, the hydrogen and bromine react to form hydrogen bromide and a gas-phase equilibrium is established. Write a balanced chemical equation for the equilibrium reaction. Use bond enthalpies from Table 6.2 ( Sec. 6-6b) to estimate the enthalpy change for the reaction. Based on your answers to parts (a) and (b), which is more important in determining the position of this equilibrium, the entropy effect or the energy effect? In which direction will the equilibrium shift as the temperature increases above 200. °C? Explain. Suppose that the pressure were increased to triple its initial value. In which direction would the equilibrium shift? Why is the equilibrium not established at room temperature?arrow_forwardWet limestone is used to scrub SO2 gas from the exhaust gases of power plants. One possible reaction gives hydrated calcium sulfite: CaCO3(s) + SO2(g) + H2O() CaSO3 H2O(s) + CO2(g) Another reaction gives hydrated calcium sulfate: CaCO3(s) + SO2(g) + H2O() + O2(g) CaSO4 H2O(s) + CO2(g) (a) Which reaction is more product-favored at equilibrium? Use the data in the table below and any other information needed in Appendix L to calculate rG for each reaction at 25 C. (b) Calculate rG for the reaction CaSO3 H2O(s) + O2(g) CaSO4 H2O(s) Is this reaction product- or reactant-favored at equilibrium?arrow_forward
- The carbon dioxide exhaled in the breath of astronauts is often removed from the spacecraft by reaction with lithium hydroxide 2LiOH(s)+CO2(g)Li2CO3(s)+H2O(l) Estimate the grams of lithium hydroxide required per astronaut per day. Assume that each astronaut requires 2.50 103 kcal of energy per day. Further assume that this energy can be equated to the heat of combustion of a quantity of glucose, C6H12O6, to CO2(g) and H2O(l). From the amount of glucose required to give 2.50 103 kcal of heat, calculate the amount of CO2 produced and hence the amount of LiOH required. The H for glucose(s) is 1273 kJ/mol.arrow_forwardAccording to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), waste material is classified as toxic and must be handled as hazardous if the lead concentration exceeds 5 mg/L. By adding chloride ion, the lead ion will precipitate as PbCl2, which can be separated from the liquid portion. Once the lead has been removed, the rest of the waste can be sent to a conventional waste treatment facility. How many grams of sodium chloride must be added to 500 L of a waste solution to reduce the concentration of the Pb2+ ion from 10 to 5 mg/L?arrow_forwardActually, the carbon in CO2(g) is thermodynamically unstable with respect to the carbon in calcium carbonate(limestone). Verify this by determining the standardGibbs free energy change for the reaction of lime,CaO(s), with CO2(g) to make CaCO3(s).arrow_forward
- Consider the reaction 2N2O(g) + O2(g) 4NO(g) Suppose the system is at equilibrium, and then an additional mole of N2O(g) is injected into the system at constant temperature. Once the reaction reestablishes equilibrium, has the amount of N2O increased or decreased from its original equilibrium amount? Explain. What happens to the value of the equilibrium constant with this change?arrow_forwardWrite the equilibrium expression (Ke) for the reaction: PC1s(g) PC13(8) + C12(g)arrow_forwardWhat is the equilibrium expression for the following reaction? CH4(g) + 202(g)= CO2(g) + 2H20(g)arrow_forward
- The equilibrium constant, Kc , for the reaction 2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g) → 2 SO3 (g) is 6.90 x 103 . (a) What is Kc for the reaction 2 SO3 (g) → 2 SO2 (g) + O2 (g) (b) What is Kc for the reaction SO2 (g) + 1/2 O2 (g) → SO3 (g)arrow_forwardUse the data shown here to find the equilibrium constant (Kc) for the reaction, A(g) → 2 B(g) +C(g) A(g) +2 X(g) +C(g) B(g) → X(g) O 984 O 26.8 O 6.10 x 10-4 O 10 O 244x103 Kc = 1.55 Kc =25.2arrow_forwardConsider the reaction: 2 CO(g) + O2(g)=2 CO₂(g). The reaction is allowed to reach equilibrium in a sealed vessel. According to Le Chatelier's principle, what will happen to the equilibrium, if the volume of the vessel is decreased while the temperature is kept constant? (A) The equilibrium constant will decrease and the reaction will shift to the left. (B) The equilibrium constant will be unchanged, but the reaction will shift to the left. (C) The equilibrium constant will be unchanged, but the reaction will shift to the right. (D) The equilibrium constant will increase and the reaction will shift to the right. (E) The equilibrium concentrations will not be affected.arrow_forward
- Principles of Modern ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305079113Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. ButlerPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningWorld of Chemistry, 3rd editionChemistryISBN:9781133109655Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage Learning
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningLiving By Chemistry: First Edition TextbookChemistryISBN:9781559539418Author:Angelica StacyPublisher:MAC HIGHER