(a) Interpretation: The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified. Concept introduction: If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 5.72P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

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#1. Retro-Electrochemical Reaction: A ring has been made, but the light is causing the molecule to un- cyclize. Undo the ring into all possible molecules. (2pts, no partial credit) hv

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I have a question about this problem involving mechanisms and drawing curved arrows for acids and bases. I know we need to identify the nucleophile and electrophile, but are there different types of reactions? For instance, what about Grignard reagents and other types that I might not be familiar with? Can you help me with this? I want to identify the names of the mechanisms for problems 1-14, such as Gilman reagents and others. Are they all the same? Also, could you rewrite it so I can better understand? The handwriting is pretty cluttered. Additionally, I need to label the nucleophile and electrophile, but my main concern is whether those reactions differ, like the "Brønsted-Lowry acid-base mechanism, Lewis acid-base mechanism, acid-catalyzed mechanisms, acid-catalyzed reactions, base-catalyzed reactions, nucleophilic substitution mechanisms (SN1 and SN2), elimination reactions (E1 and E2), organometallic mechanisms, and so forth."

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 5.72P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 5.72P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 5.72P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

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Answer 5

Chapter 5, Problem 5.72P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

Answer 6

Chapter 5, Problem 5.72P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

Answer 7

Chapter 5, Problem 5.72P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

Answer 15

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

Answer 16

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

Answer 17

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The specific relationship between the given pair of molecules is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

If two cyclic molecules have different molecular formula, they are unrelated molecules. If they have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip, they are conformers. Configurational isomers are the isomers having the same connectivity of atoms but differ in spatial arrangement at chiral centers. If configurational isomers have different configuration at each chiral center, they are enantiomers. If they differ in configuration at some but not all chiral centers, they are diastereomers.

Answer 18

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Answer 19

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Answer 20

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Answer 21

Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.1P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.2P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.3P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.4P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.5P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.6P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.7P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.8P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.9P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that two cyclic molecules have the same molecular formula, same connectivity, and can be interconverted by a chair flip.

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