Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach (Second Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780393614053
Author: Thomas R. Gilbert, Rein V. Kirss, Stacey Lowery Bretz, Natalie Foster
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Chapter 5 Solutions
Chemistry: An Atoms-Focused Approach (Second Edition)
Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.1VPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.2VPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.3VPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.4VPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.5VPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.6VPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.7VPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.8VPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.9VPCh. 5 - Prob. 5.10VP
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- It is possible to write a simple Lewis structure for the SO42- ion, involving only single bonds, which follows the octet rule. However, Linus Pauling and others have suggested an alternative structure, involving double bonds, in which the sulfur atom is surrounded by six electron pairs. (a) Draw the two Lewis structures. (b) What geometries are predicted for the two structures? (c) What is the hybridization of sulfur in each case? (d) What are the formal charges of the atoms in the two structures?arrow_forwardThe sulfamate ion, H2NSO3, can be thought of as having been formed from the amide ion, NH2, and sulphur trioxide, SO3. (a) What are the electron-pair and molecular geometries or the amide ion and or SO3? What are the hybridizations of the N and S atoms, respectively? (b) Sketch a structure for the sulfamate ion, and estimate the bond angles. (c) What changes in hybridization do you expect for N and S in the course of the reaction NH2 + SO3 H2NSO3? (d) Is SO3 the donor of an electron pair or the acceptor of an electron pair in the reaction with amide ion? Does the electrostatic potential map shown below confirm your prediction?arrow_forwardThe simple valence bond picture of O2 does not agree with the molecular orbital view. Compare these two theories with regard to the peroxide ion, O22. (a) Draw an electron dot structure for O22. What is the bond order of the ion? (b) Write the molecular orbital electron configuration for O22. What is the bond order based on this approach? (c) Do the two theories of bonding lead to the same magnetic character and bond order fo r O22 ss?arrow_forward
- The structure of amphetamine, a stimulant, is shown below. (Replacing one H atom on the NH2, or amino, group with CH3 gives methamphetamine a particularly dangerous drug commonly known as speed.) (a) What are the hybrid orbitals used by the C atoms of the C6 ring. by the C atoms of the side chain, and by the N atom? (b) Give approximate values for the bond angles A, B, and C. (c) How many bonds and bonds are in the molerule? (d) Is the molecule polar or nonpolar? (e) Amphetamine reacts readily with a proton (H+) in aqueous solution. Where does this proton attach to the molecule? Explain how the electrostatic potential map predicts this site of protonation.arrow_forwardFClO2 and F3ClO can both gain a fluoride ion to form stable anions. F3ClO and F3ClO2 will both lose a fluoride ion to form stable cations. Draw the Lewis structures and describe the hybrid orbitals used by chlorine in these ions.arrow_forward2. Which of the following is incorrect? The hybridization of N in NH4+ is sp3. The hybridization of S in SO42− is sp3. The hybridization of N in NO2− is sp3 The hybridization of O in H3O+ is sp3.arrow_forward
- Could the anion Li2 exist? What is the ions bond order?arrow_forwarda The molecule BrF3 has a dipole moment of 1.19 D. Which of the following geometries are possible: trigonal planar, trigonal pyramidal, or T-shaped? b The molecule TeCl4 has a dipole moment of 2.54 D. Is the geometry tetrahedral, seesaw, or square planar?arrow_forwardPredict the valence electron molecular orbital configurations for the following, and state whether they will be stable or unstable ions. (a) Na,2+ (b) Mg,2 (c) AI,2 (d) Si,2 (e) p2+ (f) s,2 (g) F,2 (h) Ar,2 40. Predict the valence electron molecular orbital configurations for the following, and state whether they will be stable or unstable ions. (a) Na22+ (b) Mg22+ (c) Al22+ (d) Si22+ (e) P22+ (f) S22+ (g) F22+ (h) Ar22+arrow_forward
- What hybridization is required for central atoms that have a tetrahedral arrangement of electron pairs? A trigonal planar arrangement of electron pairs? A linear arrangement of e lectron pairs? How many unhybridized p atomic orbitals are present when a central atom exhibits tetrahedral geometry? Trigonal planar geometry? Linear geometry? What are the unhybridized p atomic orbitals used for? Describe the bonding in H2S, CH4, H2CO, and HCN, using the localized electron model.arrow_forwardDescribe the molecular orbital configurations of C2, C2, and C22. What are the bond orders of these species? Arrange the three species by increasing bond length. Arrange the species by increasing bond enthalpy. Explain these arrangements of bond length and bond enthalpy.arrow_forwardWhat is the OSO angle and the hybrid orbital set used by sulfur in each of the following molecules or ions? (a) SO2 (b) SO3 (c) SO32 (d) SO42 Do all have the same value for the OSO angle? Does the S atom in all these species use the same hybrid orbitals?arrow_forward
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