(a) Interpretation: The structures for the two salts that are produced when a racemic mixture of the acid molecule A is reacted with an enantiomerically pure chiral base B are to be drawn. Concept introduction: A racemic mixture is the one that has an equal amount of both enantiomers. When an acid is reacted with a base, a salt is produced. A mixture of salts is produced, when a racemic mixture of the acid molecule is treated with an enantiomerically pure base.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 5.57P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structures for the two salts that are produced when a racemic mixture of the acid molecule A is reacted with an enantiomerically pure chiral base B are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A racemic mixture is the one that has an equal amount of both enantiomers. When an acid is reacted with a base, a salt is produced. A mixture of salts is produced, when a racemic mixture of the acid molecule is treated with an enantiomerically pure base.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Why the two salts produced in part (a) have different physical and chemical properties is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

A racemic mixture is the one that has an equal amount of both enantiomers. When an acid is reacted with a base, a salt is produced. When a racemic mixture of the acid molecule is treated with enantiomerically pure base, then a mixture of salts is produced. When two stereoisomers are related by the inversion of some, but not all, chiral centers, then the two molecules are diastereomers of each other. Diastereomers show different physical as well as chemical properties.

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(a 4 shows scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of extruded actions of packing bed for two capillary columns of different diameters, al 750 (bottom image) and b) 30-μm-i.d. Both columns are packed with the same stationary phase, spherical particles with 1-um diameter. A) When the columns were prepared, the figure shows that the column with the larger diameter has more packing irregularities. Explain this observation. B) Predict what affect this should have on band broadening and discuss your prediction using the van Deemter terms. C) Does this figure support your explanations in application question 33? Explain why or why not and make any changes in your answers in light of this figure. Figure 4 SEM images of sections of packed columns for a) 750 and b) 30-um-i.d. capillary columns.³

fcrip = ↓ bandwidth Il temp 32. What impact (increase, decrease, or no change) does each of the following conditions have on the individual components of the van Deemter equation and consequently, band broadening? Increase temperature Longer column Using a gas mobile phase instead of liquid Smaller particle stationary phase Multiple Paths Diffusion Mass Transfer

34. Figure 3 shows Van Deemter plots for a solute molecule using different column inner diameters (i.d.). A) Predict whether decreasing the column inner diameters increase or decrease bandwidth. B) Predict which van Deemter equation coefficient (A, B, or C) has the greatest effect on increasing or decreasing bandwidth as a function of i.d. and justify your answer. Figure 3 Van Deemter plots for hydroquinone using different column inner diameters (i.d. in μm). The data was obtained from liquid chromatography experiments using fused-silica capillary columns packed with 1.0-μm particles. 35 20 H(um) 큰 20 15 90 0+ 1500 100 75 550 01 02 594 05 μ(cm/sec) 30 15 10

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 5.57P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structures for the two salts that are produced when a racemic mixture of the acid molecule A is reacted with an enantiomerically pure chiral base B are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A racemic mixture is the one that has an equal amount of both enantiomers. When an acid is reacted with a base, a salt is produced. A mixture of salts is produced, when a racemic mixture of the acid molecule is treated with an enantiomerically pure base.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Why the two salts produced in part (a) have different physical and chemical properties is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

A racemic mixture is the one that has an equal amount of both enantiomers. When an acid is reacted with a base, a salt is produced. When a racemic mixture of the acid molecule is treated with enantiomerically pure base, then a mixture of salts is produced. When two stereoisomers are related by the inversion of some, but not all, chiral centers, then the two molecules are diastereomers of each other. Diastereomers show different physical as well as chemical properties.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 5.57P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structures for the two salts that are produced when a racemic mixture of the acid molecule A is reacted with an enantiomerically pure chiral base B are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A racemic mixture is the one that has an equal amount of both enantiomers. When an acid is reacted with a base, a salt is produced. A mixture of salts is produced, when a racemic mixture of the acid molecule is treated with an enantiomerically pure base.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Why the two salts produced in part (a) have different physical and chemical properties is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

A racemic mixture is the one that has an equal amount of both enantiomers. When an acid is reacted with a base, a salt is produced. When a racemic mixture of the acid molecule is treated with enantiomerically pure base, then a mixture of salts is produced. When two stereoisomers are related by the inversion of some, but not all, chiral centers, then the two molecules are diastereomers of each other. Diastereomers show different physical as well as chemical properties.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 5.57P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structures for the two salts that are produced when a racemic mixture of the acid molecule A is reacted with an enantiomerically pure chiral base B are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A racemic mixture is the one that has an equal amount of both enantiomers. When an acid is reacted with a base, a salt is produced. A mixture of salts is produced, when a racemic mixture of the acid molecule is treated with an enantiomerically pure base.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Why the two salts produced in part (a) have different physical and chemical properties is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

A racemic mixture is the one that has an equal amount of both enantiomers. When an acid is reacted with a base, a salt is produced. When a racemic mixture of the acid molecule is treated with enantiomerically pure base, then a mixture of salts is produced. When two stereoisomers are related by the inversion of some, but not all, chiral centers, then the two molecules are diastereomers of each other. Diastereomers show different physical as well as chemical properties.

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Answer 5

Chapter 5, Problem 5.57P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structures for the two salts that are produced when a racemic mixture of the acid molecule A is reacted with an enantiomerically pure chiral base B are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A racemic mixture is the one that has an equal amount of both enantiomers. When an acid is reacted with a base, a salt is produced. A mixture of salts is produced, when a racemic mixture of the acid molecule is treated with an enantiomerically pure base.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Why the two salts produced in part (a) have different physical and chemical properties is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

A racemic mixture is the one that has an equal amount of both enantiomers. When an acid is reacted with a base, a salt is produced. When a racemic mixture of the acid molecule is treated with enantiomerically pure base, then a mixture of salts is produced. When two stereoisomers are related by the inversion of some, but not all, chiral centers, then the two molecules are diastereomers of each other. Diastereomers show different physical as well as chemical properties.

Answer 6

Chapter 5, Problem 5.57P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structures for the two salts that are produced when a racemic mixture of the acid molecule A is reacted with an enantiomerically pure chiral base B are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A racemic mixture is the one that has an equal amount of both enantiomers. When an acid is reacted with a base, a salt is produced. A mixture of salts is produced, when a racemic mixture of the acid molecule is treated with an enantiomerically pure base.

Answer 7

Chapter 5, Problem 5.57P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structures for the two salts that are produced when a racemic mixture of the acid molecule A is reacted with an enantiomerically pure chiral base B are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

A racemic mixture is the one that has an equal amount of both enantiomers. When an acid is reacted with a base, a salt is produced. A mixture of salts is produced, when a racemic mixture of the acid molecule is treated with an enantiomerically pure base.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Why the two salts produced in part (a) have different physical and chemical properties is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

A racemic mixture is the one that has an equal amount of both enantiomers. When an acid is reacted with a base, a salt is produced. When a racemic mixture of the acid molecule is treated with enantiomerically pure base, then a mixture of salts is produced. When two stereoisomers are related by the inversion of some, but not all, chiral centers, then the two molecules are diastereomers of each other. Diastereomers show different physical as well as chemical properties.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Why the two salts produced in part (a) have different physical and chemical properties is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

A racemic mixture is the one that has an equal amount of both enantiomers. When an acid is reacted with a base, a salt is produced. When a racemic mixture of the acid molecule is treated with enantiomerically pure base, then a mixture of salts is produced. When two stereoisomers are related by the inversion of some, but not all, chiral centers, then the two molecules are diastereomers of each other. Diastereomers show different physical as well as chemical properties.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.1P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.2P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.3P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.4P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.5P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.6P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.7P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.8P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.9P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains the structure of two salts produced when a racemic mixture of the acid molecule A is reacted with an enantiomerically pure chiral base B.

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