(a) Interpretation: All the possible stereoisomers of the given compound has to be drawn and among these stereoisomers the pair of enantiomers and diastereomers and meso compound if any has to be labelled. Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are those compounds which have same molecular formula but different orientation of atoms in space. Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other while diastereomers are not mirror images of each other. Meso compounds are optically inactive compounds which contain two or more than two chiral centres. The total number of stereoisomers for an unsymmetrical molecule = 2 n where, n is the number of chiral centers in the compound. A carbon atom bonded to four different substituents is called a stereogenic center.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 5.54P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: All the possible stereoisomers of the given compound has to be drawn and among these stereoisomers the pair of enantiomers and diastereomers and meso compound if any has to be labelled.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are those compounds which have same molecular formula but different orientation of atoms in space. Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other while diastereomers are not mirror images of each other. Meso compounds are optically inactive compounds which contain two or more than two chiral centres. The total number of stereoisomers for an unsymmetrical molecule =2n where, n is the number of chiral centers in the compound. A carbon atom bonded to four different substituents is called a stereogenic center.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: All the possible stereoisomers of the given compound has to be drawn and among these stereoisomers the pair of enantiomers and diastereomers and meso compound if any has to be labelled.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are those compounds which have same molecular formula but different orientation of atoms in space. Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other while diastereomers are not mirror images of each other. Meso compounds are optically inactive compounds which contain two or more than two chiral centres. The total number of stereoisomers for an unsymmetrical molecule =2n where, n is the number of chiral centers in the compound. A carbon atom bonded to four different substituents is called a stereogenic center. The total number of stereoisomers for symmetrical molecules containing even number of chiral centers can be calculated as follows:

Number of optically active stereoisomers = 2n−1

Number of meso compounds = 2n−22

Total number of stereoisomers = Number of optically active stereoisomers + Number of meso compounds

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: All the possible stereoisomers of the given compound has to be drawn and among these stereoisomers the pair of enantiomers and diastereomers and meso compound if any has to be labelled.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are those compounds which have same molecular formula but different orientation of atoms in space. Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other while diastereomers are not mirror images of each other. Meso compounds are optically inactive compounds which contain two or more than two chiral centres. The total number of stereoisomers for an unsymmetrical molecule =2n where, n is the number of chiral centers in the compound. A carbon atom bonded to four different substituents is called a stereogenic center.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: All the possible stereoisomers of the given compound has to be drawn and among these stereoisomers the pair of enantiomers and diastereomers and meso compound if any has to be labelled.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are those compounds which have same molecular formula but different orientation of atoms in space. Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other while diastereomers are not mirror images of each other. Meso compounds are optically inactive compounds which contain two or more than two chiral centres. The total number of stereoisomers =2n where, n is the number of chiral centers in the compound. A carbon atom bonded to four different substituents is called a stereogenic center.

The total number of stereoisomers for symmetrical molecules containing odd number of chiral centers can be calculated as follows:

Total number of stereoisomers = 2n−1

Number of meso compounds = 2n−12

Number of optically active stereoisomers = 2n−1−2n−12

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In the video, we looked at the absorbance of a certain substance and how it varies depending on what wavelength of light we are looking at. Below is a similar scan of a different substance. What color BEST describes how this substance will appear? Absorbance (AU) Violet Blue Green Orange 1.2 1.0- 0.8- 0.6- 0.4- 0.2 0.0 450 500 550 600 650 700 Wavelength (nm) violet indigo blue green yellow orange red Red O Cannot tell from this information In the above graph, what causes -450 nm wavelength of light to have a higher absorbance than light with a -550 nm wavelength? Check all that are true. The distance the light travels is different The different data points are for different substances The concentration is different at different times in the experiment Epsilon (molar absortivity) is different at different wavelengths

5. a. Data were collected for Trial 1 to determine the molar mass of a nonvolatile solid solute when dissolved in cyclo- hexane. Complete the table for the analysis (See Report Sheet). Record calculated values with the correct number of significant figures. B. Freezing Point of Cyclohexane plus Calculation Zone Unknown Solute 2. Mass of cyclohexane (g) 10.14 Part C.4 3. Mass of added solute (g) 0.255 C. Calculations 1. k; for cyclohexane (°C⚫ kg/mol) 20.0 2. Freezing point change, AT, (°C) 3.04 Part C.6 3. Mass of cyclohexane in solution (kg) 4. Moles of solute, total (mol) Show calculation. 5. Mass of solute in solution, total (g) 6. Molar mass of solute (g/mol) Show calculation.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 5.54P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: All the possible stereoisomers of the given compound has to be drawn and among these stereoisomers the pair of enantiomers and diastereomers and meso compound if any has to be labelled.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are those compounds which have same molecular formula but different orientation of atoms in space. Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other while diastereomers are not mirror images of each other. Meso compounds are optically inactive compounds which contain two or more than two chiral centres. The total number of stereoisomers for an unsymmetrical molecule =2n where, n is the number of chiral centers in the compound. A carbon atom bonded to four different substituents is called a stereogenic center.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: All the possible stereoisomers of the given compound has to be drawn and among these stereoisomers the pair of enantiomers and diastereomers and meso compound if any has to be labelled.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are those compounds which have same molecular formula but different orientation of atoms in space. Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other while diastereomers are not mirror images of each other. Meso compounds are optically inactive compounds which contain two or more than two chiral centres. The total number of stereoisomers for an unsymmetrical molecule =2n where, n is the number of chiral centers in the compound. A carbon atom bonded to four different substituents is called a stereogenic center. The total number of stereoisomers for symmetrical molecules containing even number of chiral centers can be calculated as follows:

Number of optically active stereoisomers = 2n−1

Number of meso compounds = 2n−22

Total number of stereoisomers = Number of optically active stereoisomers + Number of meso compounds

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: All the possible stereoisomers of the given compound has to be drawn and among these stereoisomers the pair of enantiomers and diastereomers and meso compound if any has to be labelled.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are those compounds which have same molecular formula but different orientation of atoms in space. Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other while diastereomers are not mirror images of each other. Meso compounds are optically inactive compounds which contain two or more than two chiral centres. The total number of stereoisomers for an unsymmetrical molecule =2n where, n is the number of chiral centers in the compound. A carbon atom bonded to four different substituents is called a stereogenic center.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: All the possible stereoisomers of the given compound has to be drawn and among these stereoisomers the pair of enantiomers and diastereomers and meso compound if any has to be labelled.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are those compounds which have same molecular formula but different orientation of atoms in space. Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other while diastereomers are not mirror images of each other. Meso compounds are optically inactive compounds which contain two or more than two chiral centres. The total number of stereoisomers =2n where, n is the number of chiral centers in the compound. A carbon atom bonded to four different substituents is called a stereogenic center.

The total number of stereoisomers for symmetrical molecules containing odd number of chiral centers can be calculated as follows:

Total number of stereoisomers = 2n−1

Number of meso compounds = 2n−12

Number of optically active stereoisomers = 2n−1−2n−12

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 5.54P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: All the possible stereoisomers of the given compound has to be drawn and among these stereoisomers the pair of enantiomers and diastereomers and meso compound if any has to be labelled.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are those compounds which have same molecular formula but different orientation of atoms in space. Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other while diastereomers are not mirror images of each other. Meso compounds are optically inactive compounds which contain two or more than two chiral centres. The total number of stereoisomers for an unsymmetrical molecule =2n where, n is the number of chiral centers in the compound. A carbon atom bonded to four different substituents is called a stereogenic center.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: All the possible stereoisomers of the given compound has to be drawn and among these stereoisomers the pair of enantiomers and diastereomers and meso compound if any has to be labelled.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are those compounds which have same molecular formula but different orientation of atoms in space. Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other while diastereomers are not mirror images of each other. Meso compounds are optically inactive compounds which contain two or more than two chiral centres. The total number of stereoisomers for an unsymmetrical molecule =2n where, n is the number of chiral centers in the compound. A carbon atom bonded to four different substituents is called a stereogenic center. The total number of stereoisomers for symmetrical molecules containing even number of chiral centers can be calculated as follows:

Number of optically active stereoisomers = 2n−1

Number of meso compounds = 2n−22

Total number of stereoisomers = Number of optically active stereoisomers + Number of meso compounds

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: All the possible stereoisomers of the given compound has to be drawn and among these stereoisomers the pair of enantiomers and diastereomers and meso compound if any has to be labelled.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are those compounds which have same molecular formula but different orientation of atoms in space. Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other while diastereomers are not mirror images of each other. Meso compounds are optically inactive compounds which contain two or more than two chiral centres. The total number of stereoisomers for an unsymmetrical molecule =2n where, n is the number of chiral centers in the compound. A carbon atom bonded to four different substituents is called a stereogenic center.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: All the possible stereoisomers of the given compound has to be drawn and among these stereoisomers the pair of enantiomers and diastereomers and meso compound if any has to be labelled.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are those compounds which have same molecular formula but different orientation of atoms in space. Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other while diastereomers are not mirror images of each other. Meso compounds are optically inactive compounds which contain two or more than two chiral centres. The total number of stereoisomers =2n where, n is the number of chiral centers in the compound. A carbon atom bonded to four different substituents is called a stereogenic center.

The total number of stereoisomers for symmetrical molecules containing odd number of chiral centers can be calculated as follows:

Total number of stereoisomers = 2n−1

Number of meso compounds = 2n−12

Number of optically active stereoisomers = 2n−1−2n−12

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 5, Problem 5.54P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: All the possible stereoisomers of the given compound has to be drawn and among these stereoisomers the pair of enantiomers and diastereomers and meso compound if any has to be labelled.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are those compounds which have same molecular formula but different orientation of atoms in space. Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other while diastereomers are not mirror images of each other. Meso compounds are optically inactive compounds which contain two or more than two chiral centres. The total number of stereoisomers for an unsymmetrical molecule =2n where, n is the number of chiral centers in the compound. A carbon atom bonded to four different substituents is called a stereogenic center.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: All the possible stereoisomers of the given compound has to be drawn and among these stereoisomers the pair of enantiomers and diastereomers and meso compound if any has to be labelled.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are those compounds which have same molecular formula but different orientation of atoms in space. Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other while diastereomers are not mirror images of each other. Meso compounds are optically inactive compounds which contain two or more than two chiral centres. The total number of stereoisomers for an unsymmetrical molecule =2n where, n is the number of chiral centers in the compound. A carbon atom bonded to four different substituents is called a stereogenic center. The total number of stereoisomers for symmetrical molecules containing even number of chiral centers can be calculated as follows:

Number of optically active stereoisomers = 2n−1

Number of meso compounds = 2n−22

Total number of stereoisomers = Number of optically active stereoisomers + Number of meso compounds

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: All the possible stereoisomers of the given compound has to be drawn and among these stereoisomers the pair of enantiomers and diastereomers and meso compound if any has to be labelled.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are those compounds which have same molecular formula but different orientation of atoms in space. Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other while diastereomers are not mirror images of each other. Meso compounds are optically inactive compounds which contain two or more than two chiral centres. The total number of stereoisomers for an unsymmetrical molecule =2n where, n is the number of chiral centers in the compound. A carbon atom bonded to four different substituents is called a stereogenic center.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: All the possible stereoisomers of the given compound has to be drawn and among these stereoisomers the pair of enantiomers and diastereomers and meso compound if any has to be labelled.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are those compounds which have same molecular formula but different orientation of atoms in space. Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other while diastereomers are not mirror images of each other. Meso compounds are optically inactive compounds which contain two or more than two chiral centres. The total number of stereoisomers =2n where, n is the number of chiral centers in the compound. A carbon atom bonded to four different substituents is called a stereogenic center.

The total number of stereoisomers for symmetrical molecules containing odd number of chiral centers can be calculated as follows:

Total number of stereoisomers = 2n−1

Number of meso compounds = 2n−12

Number of optically active stereoisomers = 2n−1−2n−12

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Answer 5

Chapter 5, Problem 5.54P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: All the possible stereoisomers of the given compound has to be drawn and among these stereoisomers the pair of enantiomers and diastereomers and meso compound if any has to be labelled.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are those compounds which have same molecular formula but different orientation of atoms in space. Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other while diastereomers are not mirror images of each other. Meso compounds are optically inactive compounds which contain two or more than two chiral centres. The total number of stereoisomers for an unsymmetrical molecule =2n where, n is the number of chiral centers in the compound. A carbon atom bonded to four different substituents is called a stereogenic center.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: All the possible stereoisomers of the given compound has to be drawn and among these stereoisomers the pair of enantiomers and diastereomers and meso compound if any has to be labelled.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are those compounds which have same molecular formula but different orientation of atoms in space. Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other while diastereomers are not mirror images of each other. Meso compounds are optically inactive compounds which contain two or more than two chiral centres. The total number of stereoisomers for an unsymmetrical molecule =2n where, n is the number of chiral centers in the compound. A carbon atom bonded to four different substituents is called a stereogenic center. The total number of stereoisomers for symmetrical molecules containing even number of chiral centers can be calculated as follows:

Number of optically active stereoisomers = 2n−1

Number of meso compounds = 2n−22

Total number of stereoisomers = Number of optically active stereoisomers + Number of meso compounds

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: All the possible stereoisomers of the given compound has to be drawn and among these stereoisomers the pair of enantiomers and diastereomers and meso compound if any has to be labelled.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are those compounds which have same molecular formula but different orientation of atoms in space. Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other while diastereomers are not mirror images of each other. Meso compounds are optically inactive compounds which contain two or more than two chiral centres. The total number of stereoisomers for an unsymmetrical molecule =2n where, n is the number of chiral centers in the compound. A carbon atom bonded to four different substituents is called a stereogenic center.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: All the possible stereoisomers of the given compound has to be drawn and among these stereoisomers the pair of enantiomers and diastereomers and meso compound if any has to be labelled.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are those compounds which have same molecular formula but different orientation of atoms in space. Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other while diastereomers are not mirror images of each other. Meso compounds are optically inactive compounds which contain two or more than two chiral centres. The total number of stereoisomers =2n where, n is the number of chiral centers in the compound. A carbon atom bonded to four different substituents is called a stereogenic center.

The total number of stereoisomers for symmetrical molecules containing odd number of chiral centers can be calculated as follows:

Total number of stereoisomers = 2n−1

Number of meso compounds = 2n−12

Number of optically active stereoisomers = 2n−1−2n−12

Answer 6

Chapter 5, Problem 5.54P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: All the possible stereoisomers of the given compound has to be drawn and among these stereoisomers the pair of enantiomers and diastereomers and meso compound if any has to be labelled.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are those compounds which have same molecular formula but different orientation of atoms in space. Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other while diastereomers are not mirror images of each other. Meso compounds are optically inactive compounds which contain two or more than two chiral centres. The total number of stereoisomers for an unsymmetrical molecule =2n where, n is the number of chiral centers in the compound. A carbon atom bonded to four different substituents is called a stereogenic center.

Answer 7

Chapter 5, Problem 5.54P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: All the possible stereoisomers of the given compound has to be drawn and among these stereoisomers the pair of enantiomers and diastereomers and meso compound if any has to be labelled.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are those compounds which have same molecular formula but different orientation of atoms in space. Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other while diastereomers are not mirror images of each other. Meso compounds are optically inactive compounds which contain two or more than two chiral centres. The total number of stereoisomers for an unsymmetrical molecule =2n where, n is the number of chiral centers in the compound. A carbon atom bonded to four different substituents is called a stereogenic center.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: All the possible stereoisomers of the given compound has to be drawn and among these stereoisomers the pair of enantiomers and diastereomers and meso compound if any has to be labelled.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are those compounds which have same molecular formula but different orientation of atoms in space. Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other while diastereomers are not mirror images of each other. Meso compounds are optically inactive compounds which contain two or more than two chiral centres. The total number of stereoisomers for an unsymmetrical molecule =2n where, n is the number of chiral centers in the compound. A carbon atom bonded to four different substituents is called a stereogenic center. The total number of stereoisomers for symmetrical molecules containing even number of chiral centers can be calculated as follows:

Number of optically active stereoisomers = 2n−1

Number of meso compounds = 2n−22

Total number of stereoisomers = Number of optically active stereoisomers + Number of meso compounds

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: All the possible stereoisomers of the given compound has to be drawn and among these stereoisomers the pair of enantiomers and diastereomers and meso compound if any has to be labelled.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are those compounds which have same molecular formula but different orientation of atoms in space. Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other while diastereomers are not mirror images of each other. Meso compounds are optically inactive compounds which contain two or more than two chiral centres. The total number of stereoisomers for an unsymmetrical molecule =2n where, n is the number of chiral centers in the compound. A carbon atom bonded to four different substituents is called a stereogenic center. The total number of stereoisomers for symmetrical molecules containing even number of chiral centers can be calculated as follows:

Number of optically active stereoisomers = 2n−1

Number of meso compounds = 2n−22

Total number of stereoisomers = Number of optically active stereoisomers + Number of meso compounds

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: All the possible stereoisomers of the given compound has to be drawn and among these stereoisomers the pair of enantiomers and diastereomers and meso compound if any has to be labelled.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are those compounds which have same molecular formula but different orientation of atoms in space. Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other while diastereomers are not mirror images of each other. Meso compounds are optically inactive compounds which contain two or more than two chiral centres. The total number of stereoisomers for an unsymmetrical molecule =2n where, n is the number of chiral centers in the compound. A carbon atom bonded to four different substituents is called a stereogenic center.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: All the possible stereoisomers of the given compound has to be drawn and among these stereoisomers the pair of enantiomers and diastereomers and meso compound if any has to be labelled.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are those compounds which have same molecular formula but different orientation of atoms in space. Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other while diastereomers are not mirror images of each other. Meso compounds are optically inactive compounds which contain two or more than two chiral centres. The total number of stereoisomers for an unsymmetrical molecule =2n where, n is the number of chiral centers in the compound. A carbon atom bonded to four different substituents is called a stereogenic center.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: All the possible stereoisomers of the given compound has to be drawn and among these stereoisomers the pair of enantiomers and diastereomers and meso compound if any has to be labelled.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are those compounds which have same molecular formula but different orientation of atoms in space. Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other while diastereomers are not mirror images of each other. Meso compounds are optically inactive compounds which contain two or more than two chiral centres. The total number of stereoisomers =2n where, n is the number of chiral centers in the compound. A carbon atom bonded to four different substituents is called a stereogenic center.

The total number of stereoisomers for symmetrical molecules containing odd number of chiral centers can be calculated as follows:

Total number of stereoisomers = 2n−1

Number of meso compounds = 2n−12

Number of optically active stereoisomers = 2n−1−2n−12

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: All the possible stereoisomers of the given compound has to be drawn and among these stereoisomers the pair of enantiomers and diastereomers and meso compound if any has to be labelled.

Concept introduction: Stereoisomers are those compounds which have same molecular formula but different orientation of atoms in space. Enantiomers are the non-superimposable mirror images of each other while diastereomers are not mirror images of each other. Meso compounds are optically inactive compounds which contain two or more than two chiral centres. The total number of stereoisomers =2n where, n is the number of chiral centers in the compound. A carbon atom bonded to four different substituents is called a stereogenic center.

The total number of stereoisomers for symmetrical molecules containing odd number of chiral centers can be calculated as follows:

Total number of stereoisomers = 2n−1

Number of meso compounds = 2n−12

Number of optically active stereoisomers = 2n−1−2n−12

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.1P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.2P Ch. 5 - Draw the mirror image of each compound. Label each...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.4P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.5P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.6P Ch. 5 - The facts in section 5.4A can be used to locate...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.8P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.9P Ch. 5 - Prob. 5.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that stereoisomers have the same molecular formula but different orientation of atoms in space.

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