The general trend in radii of rare earth metals should be reported and the reason behind the trend should be explained. Concept introduction: Lanthanoid contraction is the steady decrease in the size of the atoms and ions of the rare earth elements with increasing atomic number from lanthanum( Z equal to57) through lutetium( Z equal to71). For each atom across period the nuclear charge increases with unit positive charge, accompanied by increase in count of electrons present in 4 f orbitals. 4 f electrons poorly shield each other from increased charge of nucleus so that Z eff that attracts each electron steadily increases through rare earth elements, which results in successive decrease of atomic and ionic radii.
The general trend in radii of rare earth metals should be reported and the reason behind the trend should be explained. Concept introduction: Lanthanoid contraction is the steady decrease in the size of the atoms and ions of the rare earth elements with increasing atomic number from lanthanum( Z equal to57) through lutetium( Z equal to71). For each atom across period the nuclear charge increases with unit positive charge, accompanied by increase in count of electrons present in 4 f orbitals. 4 f electrons poorly shield each other from increased charge of nucleus so that Z eff that attracts each electron steadily increases through rare earth elements, which results in successive decrease of atomic and ionic radii.
Solution Summary: The author explains that the general trend in radii of rare earth metals should be reported and the reason behind the trend.
Definition Definition Number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. It uniquely identifies an element, as the number of protons determines the element's properties. The periodic table of elements is arranged based on increasing atomic numbers, allowing scientists to easily locate and study elements.
Chapter 5, Problem 52AP
a)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: The general trend in radii of rare earth metals should be reported and the reason behind the trend should be explained.
Concept introduction: Lanthanoid contraction is the steady decrease in the size of the atoms and ions of the rare earth elements with increasing atomic number from lanthanum( Z equal to57) through lutetium( Z equal to71). For each atom across period the nuclear charge increases with unit positive charge, accompanied by increase in count of electrons present in 4forbitals. 4f electrons poorly shield each other from increased charge of nucleus so that Zeff that attracts each electron steadily increases through rare earth elements, which results in successive decrease of atomic and ionic radii.
b)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: The two elements that are exception to the general trend of radii of rare earth metals should be reported.
Concept introduction: Lanthanoid contraction is the steady decrease in the size of the atoms and ions of the rare earth elements with increasing atomic number from lanthanum( Z equal to57) through lutetium( Z equal to71). For each atom across period the nuclear charge increases with unit positive charge, accompanied by increase in count of electrons present in 4forbitals. 4f electrons poorly shield each other from increased charge of nucleus so that Zeff that attracts each electron steadily increases through rare earth elements, which results in successive decrease of atomic and ionic radii.
(f) SO:
Best Lewis Structure
3
e group geometry:_
shape/molecular geometry:,
(g) CF2CF2
Best Lewis Structure
polarity:
e group arrangement:_
shape/molecular geometry:
(h) (NH4)2SO4
Best Lewis Structure
polarity:
e group arrangement:
shape/molecular geometry:
polarity:
Sketch (with angles):
Sketch (with angles):
Sketch (with angles):
1.
Problem Set 3b
Chem 141
For each of the following compounds draw the BEST Lewis Structure then sketch the molecule (showing
bond angles). Identify (i) electron group geometry (ii) shape around EACH central atom (iii) whether the
molecule is polar or non-polar (iv)
(a) SeF4
Best Lewis Structure
e group arrangement:_
shape/molecular geometry:
polarity:
(b) AsOBr3
Best Lewis Structure
e group arrangement:_
shape/molecular geometry:
polarity:
Sketch (with angles):
Sketch (with angles):
(c) SOCI
Best Lewis Structure
2
e group arrangement:
shape/molecular geometry:_
(d) PCls
Best Lewis Structure
polarity:
e group geometry:_
shape/molecular geometry:_
(e) Ba(BrO2):
Best Lewis Structure
polarity:
e group arrangement:
shape/molecular geometry:
polarity:
Sketch (with angles):
Sketch (with angles):
Sketch (with angles):
Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell
Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell