Concept explainers
Interpretation:
Bond angle of
Concept Introduction:
VSEPR Theory:
The basis for this theory is the electron pair that is bonded electron present in either single or double bonds or lone pair electrons, present in the valence shell tends to repel each other which then tend to be in position in order to minimize the repulsions.
According to VSEPR theory, the geometry is predicted by the minimizing the repulsions between electron-pairs in the bonds and lone-pairs of electrons. The VSEPR theory is summarized in the given table as,
- • Bond angle is the angle between two bonds of a molecule and it is determined based on the electron-domain geometry.
- • Electro-domain geometry includes both bond pairs and lone pairs of central atom for determining the geometry of molecule.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 5 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
- In 1874, Dutch chemist Jacobus van't Hoff (1852–1911) and French chemist Joseph Le Bel (1847–1930) independently deduced that a carbon atom bonded to four atoms assumes a tetrahedral geometry. Prior to that time, it was believed that tetravalent carbons assumed a square planar geometry. One piece of evidence that can be used to support a tetrahedral geometry is the fact that molecules with the general formula CX2Y2 (where X and Y are either a hydrogen or a halogen atom) are always polar. Explain how this supports a tetrahedral geometry and rules out a square planar geometry. Square planar geometry Tetrahedral geometryarrow_forward2arrow_forwardExplain the hybridisation of electron orbitals in a carbon atom (sp, sp2 and sp3), giving a detailed explanation, supported by suitable examples, of how sigma (s) and pi (p) bonds are formed. 2 Explain why alkenes are much more reactive than alkanes towards chlorine (C12) or bromine (Br2) in the dark at room temperature, and why alkanes do not react with HCI (g) or HBr (g) whereas alkenes do. please provide a diagram as wellarrow_forward
- 1. Although there is only one alkene with the formula C2H4 (ethene) and only one with the formula C3H6 (propene), there are several alkenes with the formula C4H8. Draw all of the possible bond line structures for alkenes with the formula C4H3 including all possible structural and stereoisomers.arrow_forwardThe energy difference between a tert-butyl group going from equatorial to axial in a cyclohexane is 18.3 kJ/mol. When two of the carbon atoms are replaced with oxygen atoms (molecule B) the energy difference between the two chair conformations drops to 5.9 kJ/mol. Explain this difference. (Hint: Consider what makes putting groups axial unfavorable).arrow_forwardSketch a plausible Molecular Orbital diagram for trimethylenemethane. H₂ċ H₂C C=CH2arrow_forward
- Compounds X and Y both have the formula C7H14. Both X and Y react with one molar equivalent of hydrogen in the presence of a palladium catalyst to form 2-methylhexane. The heat of hydrogenation of X is greater than that of Y. Both X and Y react with HCI to give the same single C₂H₁5Cl compound as the major product. What is the structure of X? • In cases where there is more than one answer, just draw one. 7 0▾ ChemDoodleⓇ 146arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements about cyclooctatetraene (the Lewis structure of which could be represented by an 8-membered ring with 4 conjugated pi bonds) is false?arrow_forwardIf you rotate the hydrogen atoms to a different position in a a model of C2H6 by turning about the central C—C bond, do you get different structural (or constitutional) isomers of C2H5Cl?arrow_forward
- Draw the skeletal (line-bond) structure of [C6H5SO3]-. Include all lone pairs and charges as appropriate.arrow_forwardDraw the structural isomers of C2H4BrCl and identify which of them has a chiral center. Then, create the Newman projection of the most stable conformational isomer and indicate its absolute configuration.arrow_forwardDHA is a fatty acid derived from fish oil and an abundant fatty acid in vertebrate brains. Hydrogenation of DHA forms docosanoic acid [CH3(CH2)20CO2H], and ozonolysis forms CH3CH2CHO, CH2(CHO)2 (five equivalents), and HCOCH2CH2CO2H. What is the structure of DHA if all double bonds have the Z configuration?arrow_forward
- Chemistry: The Molecular ScienceChemistryISBN:9781285199047Author:John W. Moore, Conrad L. StanitskiPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning