Study Guide for Chemistry: The Central Science
13th Edition
ISBN: 9780321949288
Author: Theodore E. Brown, James C. Hill
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 5, Problem 28E
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Chapter 5 Solutions
Study Guide for Chemistry: The Central Science
Ch. 5.2 - Prob. 5.1.1PECh. 5.2 - Prob. 5.1.2PECh. 5.3 - Prob. 5.2.1PECh. 5.3 - Prob. 5.2.2PECh. 5.3 - Prob. 5.3.1PECh. 5.3 - Prob. 5.3.2PECh. 5.4 - Prob. 5.4.1PECh. 5.4 - Prob. 5.4.2PECh. 5.5 - Prob. 5.5.1PECh. 5.5 - Prob. 5.5.2PE
Ch. 5.5 - Practice Exercise 1 Suppose you have equal masses...Ch. 5.5 - Prob. 5.6.2PECh. 5.5 - Prob. 5.7.1PECh. 5.5 - Prob. 5.7.2PECh. 5.6 - Prob. 5.8.1PECh. 5.6 - Prob. 5.8.2PECh. 5.6 - Prob. 5.9.1PECh. 5.6 - Prob. 5.9.2PECh. 5.7 - Prob. 5.10.1PECh. 5.7 - Prob. 5.10.2PECh. 5.7 - Prob. 5.11.1PECh. 5.7 - Prob. 5.11.2PECh. 5.7 - Prob. 5.12.1PECh. 5.7 - Practice Exercise 2 Use Table 5.3 to calculate the...Ch. 5.8 - Prob. 5.13.1PECh. 5.8 - Practice Exercise 2 Given the following standard...Ch. 5.8 - Prob. 5.14.1PECh. 5.8 - Prob. 5.14.2PECh. 5 - Prob. 1DECh. 5 - Prob. 1ECh. 5 - Prob. 2ECh. 5 - Prob. 3ECh. 5 - Practice Exercise 2
Using Table 20.1, rank...Ch. 5 - Prob. 5ECh. 5 - Prob. 6ECh. 5 - Prob. 7ECh. 5 - Prob. 8ECh. 5 - Prob. 9ECh. 5 - Prob. 10ECh. 5 - Prob. 11ECh. 5 - Prob. 12ECh. 5 - Prob. 13ECh. 5 - Prob. 14ECh. 5 - Prob. 15ECh. 5 - Prob. 16ECh. 5 - Prob. 17ECh. 5 - Prob. 18ECh. 5 - Prob. 19ECh. 5 - Prob. 20ECh. 5 - Prob. 21ECh. 5 - Prob. 22ECh. 5 - Prob. 23ECh. 5 - Prob. 24ECh. 5 - Prob. 25ECh. 5 - Prob. 26ECh. 5 - Prob. 27ECh. 5 - In chemical kinetics, the entropy of activation is...Ch. 5 - Prob. 29ECh. 5 - Prob. 30ECh. 5 - Prob. 31ECh. 5 - The following data compare the standard enthalpies...Ch. 5 - Prob. 33ECh. 5 - Prob. 34ECh. 5 - Prob. 35ECh. 5 - What is the reducing agent in the following...Ch. 5 - Prob. 37ECh. 5 - Prob. 38ECh. 5 - Prob. 39ECh. 5 - Prob. 40ECh. 5 - Prob. 41ECh. 5 - Prob. 42ECh. 5 - Prob. 43ECh. 5 - The standard cell potential is 1.46 V for a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 45ECh. 5 - Prob. 46ECh. 5 - Prob. 47ECh. 5 - Prob. 48ECh. 5 - Prob. 49ECh. 5 - Practice Exercise 1
Which of the following...Ch. 5 - Prob. 51ECh. 5 - Prob. 52ECh. 5 - Prob. 53ECh. 5 - Prob. 54ECh. 5 - Prob. 55ECh. 5 - Prob. 56ECh. 5 - Prob. 57ECh. 5 - Prob. 58ECh. 5 - Prob. 59ECh. 5 - Prob. 60ECh. 5 - What is the connection between Hess’s law and the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 62ECh. 5 - 20.2 You may have heard that “antioxidants” are...Ch. 5 - Prob. 64ECh. 5 - Prob. 65ECh. 5 - Prob. 66ECh. 5 - Prob. 67ECh. 5 - Prob. 68ECh. 5 - Prob. 69ECh. 5 - Prob. 70ECh. 5 - Prob. 71ECh. 5 - Prob. 72ECh. 5 - 20.13
What is meant by the term oxidation?
On...Ch. 5 - Prob. 74ECh. 5 - Prob. 75ECh. 5 - Prob. 76ECh. 5 - Prob. 77ECh. 5 - Prob. 78ECh. 5 - Prob. 79ECh. 5 - Prob. 80ECh. 5 - Prob. 81ECh. 5 - Prob. 82ECh. 5 - Prob. 83ECh. 5 - Prob. 84ECh. 5 - Prob. 85ECh. 5 - The heat of combustion of ethanol, C2H5OH(l) is...Ch. 5 - Prob. 87ECh. 5 - Prob. 88ECh. 5 - Prob. 89ECh. 5 - The automobile fuel called E85 consists of 85%...Ch. 5 - Prob. 91AECh. 5 - Prob. 92AECh. 5 - Prob. 93AECh. 5 - Prob. 94AECh. 5 - 5.95 Consider a system consisting of the following...Ch. 5 - A sample of gas is contained in a...Ch. 5 - Prob. 97AECh. 5 - Prob. 98AECh. 5 - A house is designed to have passive solar energy...Ch. 5 - Prob. 100AECh. 5 - Prob. 101AECh. 5 - Prob. 102AECh. 5 - Burning methane in oxygen can produce three...Ch. 5 - Prob. 104AECh. 5 - Prob. 105AECh. 5 - The hydrocarbons acetylene (C2H2) and benzene...Ch. 5 - Prob. 107AECh. 5 - Three common hydrocarbons that contain four...Ch. 5 - Prob. 109AECh. 5 - The Sun supplies about 1.0 kilowatt of energy for...Ch. 5 - It is estimated that the net amount of carbon...Ch. 5 - Prob. 112IECh. 5 - Prob. 113IECh. 5 - Prob. 114IECh. 5 - Prob. 115IECh. 5 - Prob. 116IECh. 5 - Prob. 117IECh. 5 - The methane molecule, CH4, has the geometry shown...Ch. 5 - Prob. 119IE
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- For the ammonia synthesis reaction ⇌ Does the entropy effect favor products? Explain your answer. Does the energy effect favor products? Explain your answer. Is the equilibrium concentration of NH3(g) greater at high or low temperature? Explain.arrow_forwardFor each situation described in Question 13, predict whether the entropy of the system increases or decreases.arrow_forwardCobalt(II) chloride hexahydrate, CoCl26H2O, is a bright pink compound, but in the presence of very dry air it loses water vapor to the air to produce the light blue anhydrous salt CoCl2. Calculate the standard free-energy change for the reaction at 25C: CoCl26H2O(s)CoCl2(s)+6H2O(g) Here are some thermodynamic data at 25C: What is the partial pressure of water vapor in equilibrium with the anhydrous salt and the hexahydrate at 25C? (Give the value in mmHg.) What is the relative humidity of air that has this partial pressure of water? The relative humidity of a sample of air is Relativehumidity=partialpressureofH2O(g)inairvaporpressureofwater100 What do you expect to happen to the equilibrium partial pressure over the hexahydrate as the temperature is raised? Explain.arrow_forward
- What is entropy? Why is entropy important?arrow_forwardFor the decomposition of formic acid, HCOOH(l)H2O(l)+CO(g) H = +29 kJ/mol at 25C. a Does the tendency of this reaction to proceed to a state of minimum energy favor the formation of water and carbon monoxide or formic acid? Explain. b Does the tendency of this reaction to proceed to a state of maximum entropy favor the formation of products or reactants? Explainarrow_forwardWhat is the change in entropy, S, for the reaction CaCO3(s)+2H(aq)Ca2+(aq)+H2O(l)+CO2(g) See Table 18.1 for values of standard entropies. Does the entropy of the chemical system increase or decrease as you expect? Explain.arrow_forward
- Silver carbonate, Ag2CO3, is a light yellow compound that decomposes when heated to give silver oxide and carbon dioxide: Ag2CO3(s)Ag2O(s)+CO2(g) A researcher measured the partial pressure of carbon dioxide over a sample of silver carbonate at 220C and found that it was 1.37 atm. Calculate the partial pressure of carbon dioxide at 25C. The standard enthalpies of formation of silver carbonate and silver oxide at 25C are 505.9 kJ/mol and 31.05 kJ/mol, respectively. Make any reasonable assumptions in your calculations. State the assumptions that you make, and note why you think they are reasonable.arrow_forwardExplain how the entropy of the universe increases when an aluminum metal can is made from aluminum ore. Thefirst step is to extract the ore, which is primarily a formof A12O3, from the ground. After it is purified by freeingit from oxides of silicon and iron, aluminum oxide ischanged to the metal by an input of electrical energy. 2Al2O3(s)electricalenergy4Al(s)+3O2(g)arrow_forwardAdenosine triphosphate, ATP, is used as a free-energy source by biological cells. (See the essay on page 624.) ATP hydrolyzes in the presence of enzymes to give ADP: ATP(aq)+H2O(l)ADP(aq)+H2PO4(aq);G=30.5kJ/molat25C Consider a hypothetical biochemical reaction of molecule A to give molecule B: A(aq)B(aq);G=+15.0kJ/molat25C Calculate the ratio [B]/[A] at 25C at equilibrium. Now consider this reaction coupled to the reaction for the hydrolysis of ATP: A(aq)+ATP(aq)+H2O(l)B(aq)+ADP(aq)+H2PO4(aq) If a cell maintains a high ratio of ATP to ADP and H2PO4 by continuously making ATP, the conversion of A to B can be made highly spontaneous. A characteristic value of this ratio is [ATP][ADP][H2PO4]=500 Calculate the ratio [B][A] in this case and compare it with the uncoupled reaction. Compared with the uncoupled reaction, how much larger is this ratio when coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP?arrow_forward
- 5.48. The isotope exchange reaction has an equilibrium constant of at . Estimate the temperature at which .arrow_forwardAccording to a source, lithium peroxide (Li2O2) decomposes to lithium oxide (Li2O) and oxygen gas at about 195C. If the standard enthalpy change for this decomposition is 33.9 kJ/mol, what would you give as an estimate for the standard entropy change for this reaction? Explain.arrow_forwardFor each process, tell whether the entropy change of the system is positive or negative. (a) A glassblower heats glass (the system) to its softening temperature. (b) A teaspoon of sugar dissolves in a cup of coffee. (The system consists of both sugar and coffee.) (c) Calcium carbonate precipitates out of water in a cave to form stalactites and stalagmites. (Consider only the calcium carbonate to be the system.)arrow_forward
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