Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 5, Problem 28CTQ
A cell develops a mutation in its potassium channels that prevents the ions from leaving the cell
If the cell’s aquaporins are still active, what will happen to the cell? Be sure to describe the tonicity and osmolarity of the cell.
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Create a diagram that demonstrates the difference between tonicity and osmolarity. Be sure to label the new solutions in each condition, draw the changes (if predicted) in cell shape/volume, and use arrows to show the movement of water relative to the cell. Please start with a red blood cell in an isosmotic solution and show what happens to cell shape and water movement when NaCl is added to the solution, or when water is added.
A cell with a total of 0.2 osmol/L is placed into a solution with a total of 0.3 osmol/L (switched from the previous question). It is assumed that the osmotic particles cannot pass through the cell membrane.
Answer the following true or false questions.
1. Solvent is more concentrated in the cell
2. Water will osmose out of the cell
3. The cell will shrink and may look crenated
4. Plant cells have a cell wall to protect them from dehydration caused by osmosis
A cell with a total of 0.3 osmol/L is placed into a solution with a total of 0.2 osmol/L. It is assumed that the osmotic particles cannot pass through the cell membrane.
Answer the following true or false questions.
1. Osmosis of water molecules will go into the cell
2. The cell will swell and possibly lyse
3. Plant cells are NOT protected against lysis by their cell walls
Chapter 5 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 5 - Figure 5.12 A doctor injects a patient with what...Ch. 5 - Figure 5.16 Injecting a potassium solution into a...Ch. 5 - Figure 5.19 If the pH outside the cell decreases,...Ch. 5 - Which plasma membrane component can be either...Ch. 5 - Which characteristic of a phospholipid contributes...Ch. 5 - What is the primary function of carbohydrates...Ch. 5 - A scientist compares the plasma membrane...Ch. 5 - Water moves via osmosis. throughout the cytoplasm...Ch. 5 - The principal force driving movement in diffusion...Ch. 5 - What problem is faced by organisms that live in...
Ch. 5 - In which situation would passive transport not use...Ch. 5 - Active transport must function continuously...Ch. 5 - How does the sodium-potassium pump make the...Ch. 5 - What is the combination of an electrical gradient...Ch. 5 - What happens to the membrane of a vesicle after...Ch. 5 - Which transport mechanism can bring whole cells...Ch. 5 - In what important way does receptor-mediated...Ch. 5 - Many viruses enter host cells through receptor-...Ch. 5 - Which of the following organelles relies on...Ch. 5 - Imagine a cell can perform exocytosis, but only...Ch. 5 - Why is it advantageous for the cell membrane to be...Ch. 5 - Why do phospholipids rend to spontaneously orient...Ch. 5 - How can a cell use an extracellular peripheral...Ch. 5 - Discuss why the following affect the rate of...Ch. 5 - Why does water move through a membrane?Ch. 5 - Both of the regular intravenous solutions...Ch. 5 - Describe two ways that decreasing temperature...Ch. 5 - A cell develops a mutation in its potassium...Ch. 5 - Where does the cell get energy for active...Ch. 5 - How does the sodium-potassium pump contribute to...Ch. 5 - Glucose from digested food enters intestinal...Ch. 5 - The sodium/calcium exchanger (NCX) transports...Ch. 5 - Why is it important that there are different types...Ch. 5 - Why do ions have a difficult time getting through...
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- The osmolarity of a 1 M NaCl solution will be _______ to a 1 M solution of CaCl2. Group of answer choices hyperactive hyposmotic isosmotic hyperosmoticarrow_forwardA cell with intracellular osmolarity of 280 mOsm/L is placed into three different containers varying in osmolarity. Which solution from the list would cause the cell to lose water and shrink? 280 mOsm/L 240 mOsm/L 340 mOsm/L NONE of the abovearrow_forwardIn an investigation of osmosis, apple cores were submerged in different molarity solutions to determine the unknown osmolarity of the apple. To determine the molarity five uniform apple cores were massed before submerging them in different molarity solutions. After 24 hours the apple cores were massed again. Then the percent change in mass was determined for the five uniform apple cores in each molarity solution. Molarity of Solution Average % Change of Mass of Apple Cores 0.0 M 21.5 0.2 M 8.0 0.4 M -7.4 0.6 M -19.2 0.8 M -22.7 1.0 M -36.3 (b) Identify the osmolarity of the apple. (c) Describe the environmental conditions taking place in each of the six solutions with the apples.arrow_forward
- A cell develops a mutation in its potassium channel that prevents the ion from leaving the cell. If the aquaporins are still active what happens to the cell?arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is CORRECT in describing the nature of water channels? Group of answer choices It is a channel for the transport of any liquid medium. It is a non-gated channel. It is a channel that can facilitate the transport of sodium ions. It is a channel for active transport.arrow_forwardA cell with a total of 0.3 osmol/L is placed into a solution with a total of 0.2 osmol/L. It is assumed that the osmotic particles cannot pass through the cell membrane. Answer the following true or false questions. 1. All particles will diffuse down a concentration gradient, that is, move from a high concentration into a lower concentration 2. Diffusion down a gradient happens because particles are constantly moving (Kinetic Theory) 3. When solvent particles move down a gradient through a membrane it is called osmosisarrow_forward
- An isotonic solution has the/a ____ concentration of water as the cell and the/a ____ concentration of solute as the cell different, different partial, partial same, different different, same same, samearrow_forwardA phospholipid bilayer separates two chambers. The chambers both contain the same volume of water. The left chamber contains 150 mM of an unknown solute A. Solute B is dissolved in the right chamber also at a concentration of 150 mM. Therefore, the initial osmolarity is the same (isotonic) between the two chambers. However, after a short time, the volume increases substantially in the right chamber. What is the most likely ranking of permeability for the molecules to cause this change? (greater permeability means that the molecule moves first across the membrane)arrow_forwardWater intoxication is caused by Group of answer choices hypertonic intracellular fluid. hypotonic intracellular fluid. hypotonic extracellular fluid. isotonic intracellular fluid. hypertonic extracellular fluid.arrow_forward
- A group of researchers are interested in a question about the osmolarity of the cells of a particular plant species. The team prepared slabs of tissue of this organism and measured the volumes of these tissue slabs. Then, the slabs were submerged in their own solutions of varying sucrose concentrations. After two hours, the slabs were removed from the sucrose solutions, and the percent difference in volume of the slabs was calculated and graphed. The researchers included on the graph a "best fit" line of the data, shown in red here: 15.00 10.00 5.00 0.00 OM sucrose 0.1 M sucrose 0.2 M sucrose 0.3 M suuus 0.4 M sucrose 0.5 M sucrose 0.6 M sucrose -5.00 -10.00 -15.00 -20.00 -Percent Difference ..- Linear (Percent Difference) A positive percent difference indicates an increase in volume of the cells; a negative percent difference indicates a decrease in the volume of the cells. Based on these findings, the osmolarity of the cells of the plant is approximately ?_ M.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is false concerning osmosis? Question options: The net movement of water molecules from a region of lower water potential to a region of higher water potential across a semipermeable membrane. Individual molecules of water are in constant flux into and out of cells. The movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential across a semipermeable membrane. The effects of osmosis vary between cell types.arrow_forwardThe passive movement of a solute through a membrane protein down its concentration gradient is an example of _________. a. osmosis b. active transport c. endocytosis d. diffusionarrow_forward
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