Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Chapter 5, Problem 24CTQ
Discuss why the following affect the rate of diffusion: molecular size, temperature, solution density, and the distance that must be traveled
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Discuss why the following affect the rate of diffusion:molecular size, temperature, solution density, and thedistance that must be traveled.
Which of the following is inversely related to the rate of diffusion for certain substance:
a- Diffusion coefficient
b- Area available for diffusion
C- Width of cell membrane
d- Different in concentration for the substance
The surface area to volume ratio affects the ability of the cell to exchange nutrients and waste products with the outside environment. Many factors affect the movement of molecules across the cell membrane, including membrane thickness, temperature, pressure, concentration gradient, molecular mass, distance travelled, solvent properties and surface area of the cell. In general, according to Einstein’s approximation equation (Equation 1), diffusion time is inversely proportional to the to the diffusion coefficient (D), where t is time and x is distance travelled. The diffusion coefficient is unique to each type of molecule and is determined experimentally.
Waste products such as carbon dioxide (CO2) pose a unique problem to cells as their accumulation may be lethal. Exchange with the external environment is dependent upon the distance the waste must travel; for a round cell this will be up to half the cell diameter.
Using the diffusion coefficient (D) for carbon dioxide (1.97 × 10-5…
Chapter 5 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 5 - Figure 5.12 A doctor injects a patient with what...Ch. 5 - Figure 5.16 Injecting a potassium solution into a...Ch. 5 - Figure 5.19 If the pH outside the cell decreases,...Ch. 5 - Which plasma membrane component can be either...Ch. 5 - Which characteristic of a phospholipid contributes...Ch. 5 - What is the primary function of carbohydrates...Ch. 5 - A scientist compares the plasma membrane...Ch. 5 - Water moves via osmosis. throughout the cytoplasm...Ch. 5 - The principal force driving movement in diffusion...Ch. 5 - What problem is faced by organisms that live in...
Ch. 5 - In which situation would passive transport not use...Ch. 5 - Active transport must function continuously...Ch. 5 - How does the sodium-potassium pump make the...Ch. 5 - What is the combination of an electrical gradient...Ch. 5 - What happens to the membrane of a vesicle after...Ch. 5 - Which transport mechanism can bring whole cells...Ch. 5 - In what important way does receptor-mediated...Ch. 5 - Many viruses enter host cells through receptor-...Ch. 5 - Which of the following organelles relies on...Ch. 5 - Imagine a cell can perform exocytosis, but only...Ch. 5 - Why is it advantageous for the cell membrane to be...Ch. 5 - Why do phospholipids rend to spontaneously orient...Ch. 5 - How can a cell use an extracellular peripheral...Ch. 5 - Discuss why the following affect the rate of...Ch. 5 - Why does water move through a membrane?Ch. 5 - Both of the regular intravenous solutions...Ch. 5 - Describe two ways that decreasing temperature...Ch. 5 - A cell develops a mutation in its potassium...Ch. 5 - Where does the cell get energy for active...Ch. 5 - How does the sodium-potassium pump contribute to...Ch. 5 - Glucose from digested food enters intestinal...Ch. 5 - The sodium/calcium exchanger (NCX) transports...Ch. 5 - Why is it important that there are different types...Ch. 5 - Why do ions have a difficult time getting through...
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- The principal force driving movement in diffusion is______. a. temperature b. particle size c. concentration gradient d. membrane surface areaarrow_forwardSuppose you are determining the diffusion coefficient of the following molecule in a homogeneous liquid like water. List molecules in the order of higher diffusion coefficients assuming they are in the same solution. Provide justification. molecules: H2, vitamin C, 20-bp single stranded DNA, glucose oxidase proteinarrow_forwardThe comparison of the simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion and active transport are shown in the table below: * Which comparisons are TRUE? Simple Diffusion Facilitated Diffusion Active Transport I Require ATP Does not require ATP Require ATP II Does not involve a Involve a transport Involve a transport transport protein protein protein From a region of higher III From a region of higher concentrațion of substance to a region of lower concentration of From a region of lower concentration of concentration of substance to a region of lower concentration of substance. substance to a region of higher concentration of substance. substance. O I and II only I and III only O Il and III only O I, Il and IIIarrow_forward
- What is the difference between simple and facilitated diffusion? Facilitated by which type of molecule does the term “facilitated” mean?arrow_forwardIdentify and explain two examples of diffusion you have experienced. Provide specific details in your explanation relating to the concept of diffusionarrow_forwardClassify each example as requiring either diffusion or bulk flow as a mechanism for molecular transport. Diffusion Bulk Flowarrow_forward
- Which of the following does not characterize the different factors that affects the rate of diffusion? Mass of molecules diffusing Solute density Temperature Extent of concentration gradientarrow_forwardGraphically represent the rate of transport of substances via facilitated and simple diffusion.arrow_forwardC) The instantaneous velocity of a molecule tells you little about the time it takes a molecule to move cellular distances because the molecule's trajectory is constantly altered by collisions with other molecules in solution. The average time that it takes for a molecule to travel “x" cm by diffusion in three dimensions is given by t=x/6D, where t is time in seconds, and D is the diffusion coefficient, which is a constant that depends on the size and shape of a molecule. Glucose and myoglobin have diffusion coefficients of 5 X 10°cm?/sec and 5 X 10° cm?/sec, respectively. Calculate the average time that it would take for a molecule of glucose and a molecule of myoglobin to diffuse a distance of 25 um, an approximate width for a mammalian cell.arrow_forward
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