Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The chirality of the given objects is to be discussed.
Concept introduction:
The objects that are nonsuperimposable or not identical with their mirror images are known as chiral objects.
The objects that are superimposable with their mirror images are achiral objects. These objects have a centre of symmetry or plane of symmetry.
Answer to Problem 1PP
Solution:
a) Achiral
b) Achiral
c) Chiral
d) Chiral
e) Chiral
f) Achiral
g) Chiral
h) Achiral
Explanation of Solution
a) A screwdriver
A screwdriver is an achiral object as it forms superimposable mirror images. A screwdriver has a plane of symmetry passing through its longitudinal axis. This makes it a symmetric object, superimposable with its mirror images, which makes it achiral.
So, a screwdriver is an achiral object.
b) A baseball bat
A baseball bat is an achiral object as it has a plane of symmetry, which makes it a symmetric object, superimposable with its mirror images. It forms superimposable mirror image due to which it is said to be an achiral object.
So, a baseball bat is an achiral object.
c) A golf club
A golf club is a chiral object because the mirror images of a golf club are non-superimposable due to which it is asymmetric and hence, shows chirality.
So, a golf club is a chiral object.
d) A tennis shoe
A tennis shoe is a chiral object as it shows asymmetric behaviour. The mirror images of a tennis shoe are non-superimposable on the original image due to its curvature toward the tip of the shoe, which makes it asymmetrical and hence, shows chirality.
So, a tennis shoe is a chiral object.
e) An ear
An ear is a chiral object because the mirror images of an ear are nonsuperimposable on the original image and are not identical with its mirror image, due to which it is asymmetric and hence, shows chirality.
So, an ear is a chiral object.
f) A woodscrew
A woodscrew is an achiral object as it shows symmetry. The mirror image of a woodscrew is superimposable on the original image along an axis of symmetry, due to which it is a symmetric molecule and hence shows an achirality.
So, a woodscrew is an achiral object.
g) A car
A car consists of many objects, such as two front seats, a dashboard, and a steering wheel. A car is a chiral object because the mirror images of these interiors are nonsuperimposable on the original image and not identical with their mirror image, due to which a car is asymmetric and hence shows chirality.
So, a car is a chiral object
IF considering only the outer morphology of the car, it is symmetric along an axis, superimposing its mirror image and making it an achiral molecule.
h) A hammer
Superimposable mirror images are formed by a hammer. A hammer has a plane of symmetry, which makes it a symmetric object. Also, it is superimposable with its mirror images, which makes it achiral.
So, a hammer is an achiral object.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 5 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
- ● Biological Macromolecules Identifying the parts of a disaccharide Take a look at this molecule, and then answer the questions in the table below it. CH2OH O H H H OH OH OH H H CH2OH H O OH H OH H H H H OH Is this a reducing sugar? Does this molecule contain a glycosidic bond? If you said this molecule does contain a glycosidic bond, write the symbol describing it. If you said this molecule does contain a glycosidic bond, write the common names (including anomer and enantiomer labels) of the molecules that would be released if that bond were hydrolyzed. If there's more than one molecule, separate each name with a comma. Explanation Check O yes X O no ○ yes O no Uarrow_forwardThe aim of the lab is to measure the sodium content from tomato sauce using the Mohr titration method. There are two groups being: Regular Tomato sauce & Salt Reduced tomato sauce QUESTION: State how you would prepare both Regular & Salt reduced tomato sauce samples for chemical analysis using the Mohr titration methodarrow_forwardUsing the conditions of spontaneity to deduce the signs of AH and AS Use the observations about each chemical reaction in the table below to decide the sign (positive or negative) of the reaction enthalpy AH and reaction entropy AS. Note: if you have not been given enough information to decide a sign, select the "unknown" option. reaction observations conclusions A The reverse of this reaction is always spontaneous but proceeds faster at temperatures above -48. °C. ΔΗ is (pick one) ✓ AS is (pick one) B This reaction is spontaneous except below 114. °C but proceeds at a slower rate below 135. °C. ΔΗ is (pick one) AS is (pick one) ΔΗ is C This reaction is exothermic and proceeds faster at temperatures above -43. °C. (pick one) AS is (pick one) v Х 5 ? 18 Ararrow_forward
- ion. A student proposes the following Lewis structure for the perchlorate (CIO) io : :0: : Cl : - - : :0: ك Assign a formal charge to each atom in the student's Lewis structure. atom central O formal charge ☐ top O ☐ right O ☐ bottom O ☐ Cl ☐arrow_forwardDecide whether these proposed Lewis structures are reasonable. proposed Lewis structure Yes. Is the proposed Lewis structure reasonable? Cl- : 2: :Z: :Z: N—N : 0: C C1: O CO No, it has the wrong number of valence electrons. The correct number is: ☐ No, it has the right number of valence electrons but doesn't satisfy the octet rule. The symbols of the problem atoms are:* ☐ Yes. No, it has the wrong number of valence electrons. The correct number is: ☐ No, it has the right number of valence electrons but doesn't satisfy the octet rule. The symbols of the problem atoms are:* | Yes. No, it has the wrong number of valence electrons. The correct number is: No, it has the right number of valence electrons but doesn't satisfy the octet rule. The symbols of the problem atoms are:* | If two or more atoms of the same element don't satisfy the octet rule, just enter the chemical symbol as many times as necessary. For example, if two oxygen atoms don't satisfy the octet rule, enter "0,0". ☑arrow_forwardUse the observations about each chemical reaction in the table below to decide the sign (positive or negative) of the reaction enthalpy AH and reaction entropy AS. Note: if you have not been given enough information to decide a sign, select the "unknown" option. reaction observations conclusions ΔΗ is (pick one) A This reaction is faster above 103. °C than below. AS is (pick one) ΔΗ is (pick one) B This reaction is spontaneous only above -9. °C. AS is (pick one) ΔΗ is (pick one) C The reverse of this reaction is always spontaneous. AS is (pick one) 18 Ararrow_forward
- Use the observations about each chemical reaction in the table below to decide the sign (positive or negative) of the reaction enthalpy AH and reaction entropy AS. Note: if you have not been given enough information to decide a sign, select the "unknown" option. reaction observations conclusions A The reverse of this reaction is always spontaneous but proceeds slower at temperatures below 41. °C. ΔΗ is (pick one) AS is (pick one) ΔΗ is (pick one) B This reaction is spontaneous except above 94. °C. AS is (pick one) This reaction is always spontaneous, but ΔΗ is (pick one) C proceeds slower at temperatures below −14. °C. AS is (pick one) Х 00. 18 Ar 무ㅎ B 1 1arrow_forwardDraw the product of the reaction shown below. Ignore inorganic byproducts. + H CH3CH2OH HCI Drawingarrow_forwardplease explain this in simple termsarrow_forward
- K Most Reactive Na (3 pts) Can the metal activity series (shown on the right) or a standard reduction potential table explain why potassium metal can be prepared from the reaction of molten KCI and Na metal but sodium metal is not prepared from the reaction of molten NaCl and K metal? Show how (not). Ca Mg Al с Zn Fe Sn Pb H Cu Ag Au Least Reactivearrow_forward(2 pts) Why is O2 more stable as a diatomic molecule than S2?arrow_forwardDraw the Lewis structure for the polyatomic phosphite (PO¾³¯) a anion. Be sure to include all resonance structures that satisfy the octet rule. C I A [ ]¯arrow_forward
Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning