Chemistry: Structure and Properties Custom Edition for Rutgers University General Chemistry
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781269935678
Author: Nivaldo J. Tro
Publisher: Pearson Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 5, Problem 11E
Why is the formation of solid sodium chloride from solid sodium and gaseous chlorine exothermic, even though it takes more energy to form the
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
Cyanamide is a compound containing two hydrogen atoms and some amount of C and N. There are a total of 5 atoms in the compound. The products of combustion were found to be CO2, NO2, and H2O. If the enthalpy of combustion for cyanamide is – 671.9 kJ/mol and the enthalpy of formation is 58.8 kJ/mol, what is the chemical formula for cyanamide? ( ΔfH (CO2) = - 393.51 kJ/mole; ΔfH (NO2) = + 33.10 kJ/mole; ΔfH (H2O) = - 241.826 kJ/mole)
An experiment was conducted to determine the Cl - Cl bond energy in chlorine. It was determined the minimum energy required to break a Cl - Cl bond was 3.90 x 10-19 J. According to these experimental results, what is the Cl - Cl bond energy (in kJ/mol)?
Draw the energy diagram of the reaction: Na(s) + ½Cl2 → NaCl.
Enthalpy (kJ/mol)
Na(s) → Na(g) +108
Na(g) → Na+(g) + e +496
½ Cl2 →Cl(g) +121
Cl(g) + e → Cl-(g) -349
Chapter 5 Solutions
Chemistry: Structure and Properties Custom Edition for Rutgers University General Chemistry
Ch. 5 - What is the empirical formula of the compound with...Ch. 5 - Which substance is an ionic compound? He N2O4 CCl4...Ch. 5 - Prob. 3SAQCh. 5 - Prob. 4SAQCh. 5 - Prob. 5SAQCh. 5 - Prob. 6SAQCh. 5 - Prob. 7SAQCh. 5 - What is the correct Lewis symbol for S?Ch. 5 - How many CH2Cl2 molecules are there in 25.0 g of...Ch. 5 - List the elements in the compound CF2Cl2 in order...
Ch. 5 - Determine the mass of potassium in 35.5 g of KBr....Ch. 5 - A compound is 52.14% C, 13.13% H, and 34.73% O by...Ch. 5 - A compound has the empirical formula CH2O and a...Ch. 5 - Combustion of 30.42 g of a compound containing...Ch. 5 - How do the properties of compounds compare to the...Ch. 5 - What is a chemical bond? Why do chemical bonds...Ch. 5 - Explain the difference between an ionic bond and a...Ch. 5 - List and describe the different ways to represent...Ch. 5 - What is the difference between an empirical...Ch. 5 - Prob. 6ECh. 5 - Prob. 7ECh. 5 - Prob. 8ECh. 5 - How can you use Lewis structures to determine the...Ch. 5 - What is lattice energy?Ch. 5 - Why is the formation of solid sodium chloride from...Ch. 5 - Prob. 12ECh. 5 - Prob. 13ECh. 5 - Prob. 14ECh. 5 - Prob. 15ECh. 5 - Prob. 16ECh. 5 - Prob. 17ECh. 5 - How does the Lewis model for covalent bonding...Ch. 5 - Explain howto nans molecular inorganic compounds.Ch. 5 - Prob. 20ECh. 5 - What is the formula mass for a compound? Why is it...Ch. 5 - Explain how the information in a chemical formula...Ch. 5 - What is mass percent composition? Why is it...Ch. 5 - Which kinds of conversion factors are inherent in...Ch. 5 - Which kind of chemical formula can be obtained...Ch. 5 - Prob. 26ECh. 5 - Prob. 27ECh. 5 - Prob. 28ECh. 5 - Prob. 29ECh. 5 - Prob. 30ECh. 5 - Prob. 31ECh. 5 - Determine the empirical formula for the compound...Ch. 5 - Determine the number of each type of atom in each...Ch. 5 - Determine the number of each type of atom in each...Ch. 5 - Write a chemical formula for each molecular model....Ch. 5 - Prob. 36ECh. 5 - Prob. 37ECh. 5 - Write an electron configuration for Ne. Then write...Ch. 5 - Prob. 39ECh. 5 - Write a Lewis symbol for each atom or ion. a. S2-...Ch. 5 - Prob. 41ECh. 5 - Write the Lewis symbols that represent the ions in...Ch. 5 - Prob. 43ECh. 5 - Prob. 44ECh. 5 - The lattice energy of CsF is -744 kJ/mol, whereas...Ch. 5 - Rubidium iodide has a lattice energy of-617...Ch. 5 - Prob. 47ECh. 5 - Prob. 48ECh. 5 - Prob. 49ECh. 5 - Prob. 50ECh. 5 - Prob. 51ECh. 5 - Prob. 52ECh. 5 - Prob. 53ECh. 5 - Prob. 54ECh. 5 - Prob. 55ECh. 5 - Prob. 56ECh. 5 - Prob. 57ECh. 5 - Prob. 58ECh. 5 - Prob. 59ECh. 5 - Prob. 60ECh. 5 - Use covalent Lewis structures to explain why each...Ch. 5 - Use covalent Lewis structures to explain why the...Ch. 5 - Prob. 63ECh. 5 - Prob. 64ECh. 5 - Prob. 65ECh. 5 - Prob. 66ECh. 5 - Name each compound. (Refer to the nomenclature...Ch. 5 - Prob. 68ECh. 5 - Prob. 69ECh. 5 - Prob. 70ECh. 5 - Calculate the formula mass for each compound. NO2...Ch. 5 - Prob. 72ECh. 5 - Calculate the number of moles in each sample 72.5...Ch. 5 - Calculate the mass of each sample 15.7 mol HNO3...Ch. 5 - Determine the number of moles (of molecules or...Ch. 5 - Determine the number of moles (of molecules or...Ch. 5 - How many molecules are in each sample? 6.5 g H2O...Ch. 5 - Prob. 78ECh. 5 - Calculate the mass (in g) of each sample. 5.94 x...Ch. 5 - Calculate the mass (in g) of each sample 4.5 x...Ch. 5 - A sugar crystal contains approximately 1.8 x 1017...Ch. 5 - A salt crystal has a mass of 0.12 mg. How many...Ch. 5 - Calculate the mass percent composition of carbon...Ch. 5 - Calculate the mass percent composition of nitrogen...Ch. 5 - Most fertilizers consist of nitrogen-containing...Ch. 5 - Iron in the earth is in the form of iron ore....Ch. 5 - Copper(ll) fluoride contains 37.42% F by mass....Ch. 5 - Silver chloride, often used in silver plating,...Ch. 5 - The iodide ion is a dietary mineral essential to...Ch. 5 - The American Dental Association recommends that an...Ch. 5 - Write a ratio showing the relationship between the...Ch. 5 - Write a ratio showing the relationship between the...Ch. 5 - Determine the number of moles of hydrogen atoms in...Ch. 5 - Determine the number of moles of oxygen atoms in...Ch. 5 - Calculate mass (in grams) of sodium in 8.5 g of...Ch. 5 - Calculate the mass (in kilograms) of chlorine in...Ch. 5 - A chemist decomposes samples of several compounds;...Ch. 5 - A chemist decomposes samples of several compounds;...Ch. 5 - Calculate the empirical formula for each stimulant...Ch. 5 - Calculate the empirical formula for each natural...Ch. 5 - The elemental mass percent composition of...Ch. 5 - The elemental mass percent composition of ascorbic...Ch. 5 - A 0.77-mg sample of nitrogen reacts with chlorine...Ch. 5 - A 45.2-mg sample of phosphorus reacts with...Ch. 5 - The empirical formula and molar mass of several...Ch. 5 - The malar mass and empirical formula of several...Ch. 5 - Combustion analysis of a hydrocarbon produced...Ch. 5 - Combustion analysis of naphthalene, a hydrocarbon...Ch. 5 - The foul odor of rancid butter is due largely to...Ch. 5 - Tartaric acid is the white, powdery substance that...Ch. 5 - Prob. 111ECh. 5 - Prob. 112ECh. 5 - Prob. 113ECh. 5 - Prob. 114ECh. 5 - How many molecules of ethanol (C2H5OH) (the...Ch. 5 - A drop of water has a volume of approximately 0.05...Ch. 5 - Determine the chemical formula of each compound...Ch. 5 - Determine the chemical formula of each compound...Ch. 5 - A Freon™ leak in the air conditioning system of an...Ch. 5 - Prob. 120ECh. 5 - A metal (M) forms a compound with the formula...Ch. 5 - A metal (M) forms an oxide with the formula M2O....Ch. 5 - Estradiol is a female sexual hormone that causes...Ch. 5 - Fructose is a common sugar found in fruit....Ch. 5 - Combustion analysis of a 13.42-g sample of equilin...Ch. 5 - Prob. 126ECh. 5 - Epsom salts is a hydrated ionic compound with the...Ch. 5 - A hydrate of copper(ll) chloride has the following...Ch. 5 - A compound of molar mass 177 g/mol contains only...Ch. 5 - Researchers obtain the following data from...Ch. 5 - Find the total number of atoms in a sample of...Ch. 5 - Vanadium forms four different oxides in which the...Ch. 5 - The chloride of an unknown metal is believed to...Ch. 5 - Prob. 134ECh. 5 - A chromium-containing compound has the formula...Ch. 5 - Prob. 136ECh. 5 - Prob. 137ECh. 5 - Prob. 138ECh. 5 - A mixture of NaCI and NaBr has a mass of 2.00 g...Ch. 5 - Three pure compounds form when 1.00-g samples of...Ch. 5 - A mixture of CaCO3 and (NH4)2CO3is 61.9% CO3 by...Ch. 5 - A mixture of 50.0 g of S and 1.00 x 102 g of CI2...Ch. 5 - Because of increasing evidence of damage to the...Ch. 5 - A particular coal contains 2.55% sulfur by mass....Ch. 5 - Lead is found in Earth’s crust as several...Ch. 5 - A 2.52-g sample of a compound containing only...Ch. 5 - Prob. 147ECh. 5 - The elements X and Y form a compound that is 40% X...Ch. 5 - A compound of X and Y is 13 X by mass. The atomic...Ch. 5 - A mixture of carbon and sulfur has a mass of 9.0...Ch. 5 - When molecules are represented by molecular...Ch. 5 - Prob. 152ECh. 5 - Explain the problem with this statement and...Ch. 5 - Without doing any calculations, arrange the...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- hat does temperature measure? Are the molecules in a beaker of warm water moving at the same speed as the molecules in a beaker of cold water? Explain? What is heat? Is heat the same as temperature?arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between sulfuric acid and hydrosulfuric acid?arrow_forwardUsing the bond energies in Table 7.2, determine the approximate enthalpy change for each of the following reactions: (a) Cl2(g)+3F2(g)2ClF3(g) (b) H2C=CH2(g)+H2(g)H3CCH3(g) (c) 2C2H6(g)+7O2(g)4CO2(g)+6H2O(g) .arrow_forward
- 4 Al (s) + 3O2 (g) → 2 Al2O3 (s) ΔHo = -3351 kJ/mol Consider the following statements about the reaction shown above. Which of the following is correct? A) Heat is released by this reaction. B) Heat is absorbed by this reaction. C) The enthalpy of formation for Al2O3 is -3351 kJ/mol. D) A & C are both correct. E) B & C are both correct.arrow_forwardCalculate the amount of energy required or released in the formation reaction for 15 moles of gaseous HI. Express your answer in joules. The heat of formation of HI is +25.9 kJ/mol. Is this an endothermic or exothermic reaction? Explain your reasoning and show all your work to receive full credit. Use the paperclip button below to attach files. XD眉 B IU MacBo II |arrow_forward3. the enthalpy of sublimation at 25 c is 148 kJ/mole. how much heat (at constant temperature and pressure) must be supplied to 1.00 g of solid magnesium metal to produce a gas composed of mg2+ ions and electrons? molar mass of magnesium is 24.31 g/mole. Sublimation Mg- Mgo AH =+148 KJ/mole First ionization Mge- Mg*e +e AH=+ 738 KJ/mole Second ionization Mge- Mg*o+e AH=+1451 KJ/mole Overall (sum) Mg)-Mg"@+2e AH= ?arrow_forward
- Based upon the equation below, what is the enthalpy change for 1.2 kg of H2O.arrow_forwardGiven that a 40.14 g sample of hydrated NiSO4•XH2O is reduced in mass to 22.14 g upon heating. Determine the value of X. Please show your work and write out the formula of your hydrated salt.arrow_forward2. A 35 g metal ball made up of a mixture of element X and element Y is heated up to 77C and dropped into 20 mL of 15°C water. If the final temperature of the metal ball is 30°C, what percentage of the ball is made up of element X? The specific heat of element X is 0.46 J/g°C and the specific heat of element Y is (0.209 J/g°C).arrow_forward
- A scientist studies the bond energies of different compounds containing nitrogen (N). The scientist observes that the N–N bonds in one group of compounds have a bond energy of 209 kJ/mol, while the N–N bonds in another group of compounds have a bond energy of 418 kJ/mol. In one or two sentences, postulate a reason for this difference.arrow_forwardUse the References to access important values if needed for this question. Use average bond enthalpies (linked above) to calculate the enthalpy change for the following gas-phase reaction. Br₂(g) + Cl₂(g) →→→→→→2BrCl(g) To analyze the reaction, first draw Lewis structures for all reactant and product molecules. • Draw the reaction using separate sketchers for each species. • Separate multiple reactants and/or products using the + sign from the drop-down arrow. • Separate reactants from products using the symbol from the drop-down menu. . Remember to include nonbonding valence electrons in your Lewis structures. AHreaction CO Submit Answer kj Referen ChemDoodle [ ] کر remove te Enthalpy of Reaction Using Bond Energies - Draw Lewis: This is group attempt 1 of 10 Autosaved at 9:15 PMarrow_forwardFor this experiment, you used 0.25 g of sodium bicarbonate, which is a relatively small mass of solid. Identify the potential consequences of using a much larger mass of sodium bicarbonate. The flask could explode. The heat of the reaction might cause boiling. The reaction would not occur. The stopper of the flask could pop off. The temperature of the reaction would decrease significantly.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Living By Chemistry: First Edition TextbookChemistryISBN:9781559539418Author:Angelica StacyPublisher:MAC HIGHER
Chemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)ChemistryISBN:9781938168390Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark BlaserPublisher:OpenStax
General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage Learning
General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage Learning
Living By Chemistry: First Edition Textbook
Chemistry
ISBN:9781559539418
Author:Angelica Stacy
Publisher:MAC HIGHER
Chemistry: Principles and Practice
Chemistry
ISBN:9780534420123
Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)
Chemistry
ISBN:9781938168390
Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark Blaser
Publisher:OpenStax
General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305580343
Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; Darrell
Publisher:Cengage Learning
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781285853918
Author:H. Stephen Stoker
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Stoichiometry - Chemistry for Massive Creatures: Crash Course Chemistry #6; Author: Crash Course;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UL1jmJaUkaQ;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Bonding (Ionic, Covalent & Metallic) - GCSE Chemistry; Author: Science Shorts;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p9MA6Od-zBA;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
General Chemistry 1A. Lecture 12. Two Theories of Bonding.; Author: UCI Open;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dLTlL9Z1bh0;License: CC-BY