Chapter 5, Problem 102QRT

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given atoms oxygen, sulphur, and fluorine has to be ranked in increasing order of atomic radius.  Also the reason for the order has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Atomic radius is the distance between outermost shell of atom and centre of nucleus.  Also, it is the distance from the center of the nucleus to the point up to where the electron density is maximum.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Among the given elements $\text{P,}\text{Si,}\text{S,}\text{and}\text{Se}$ an element with largest first ionization energy has to be identified.  Also the reason for largest first ionization energy has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Ionization energy:  It is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom in gas phase.  The ionization process of sodium atom in gaseous sate is given by

    ${\text{Na}}_{\text{(g)}}\underset{}{\to }{\text{Na}}^{\text{+}}{}_{\text{(g)}}\text{+}{\text{e}}^{\text{-}}\text{ΔE}\text{=}\text{ionization}\text{energy}$