Concept explainers
To explain: The conditions under which it might be an advantageous for a fish to have lungs as well as gills.
Introduction: The process of gas exchange occurs between an organism and its environment is known as respiration. For
To determine: The function that lungs of modern fishes serve.
Introduction: The process of gas exchange occurs between an organism and its environment is known as respiration. For cellular respiration, most of the animal cells need a continuous oxygen supply. During respiration, oxygen is inhaled from the environment by animal and transport to individual cells of the body. As well as, carbon dioxide produced by the cell during cellular respiration is exhaled from the body to the atmosphere.
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Chapter 46 Solutions
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- Test Your Understanding 14. PREDICT What problems would be faced by a terrestrial animal having gills instead of lungs?arrow_forwardTest Your Understanding 2.Which of the following is/are found in tunicates? (a) dorsal, tubular nerve cord (b) tube feet (c) anal gill slits (d) two pairs of appendages (e) vertebral columnarrow_forwardTest Your Understanding 10.EVOLUTION LINK Most biologists consider birds as living dinosaurs. Justify this position.arrow_forward
- Test Your Understanding 7.Which of the following is true of mammals? (a) they evolved from saurischian dinosaurs (b) they are exotherms (c) they have hair and three middle ear bones (d) mammalian embryos do not have an amnion (e) they all bear their young alive (do not lay eggs).arrow_forwardTest Your Understanding 6.Which of the following is not characteristic of birds? (a) hollow bones (b) amnion (c) ectothermy (d) high metabolic rate (e) reptilian-like scales on legsarrow_forwardTest Your Understanding 3.A shark is characterized by (a) amnion (b) bony skeleton (c) water vascular system (d) placoid scales (e) endothermy and amnionarrow_forward
- Test Your Understanding 12 VISUALIZE Label the diagram.arrow_forwardTest Your Understanding 8.VISUALIZE Draw a simple cladogram illustrating the evolutionary relationships among extant mammals (marsupials, eutherians, and monotremes). Include the following characters in your cladogram: well-developed placenta, vivipary, endothermy, marsupium, hair.arrow_forwardTest Your Understanding 9.EVOLUTION LINK Sea urchins have radial symmetry. Explain why they are not classified as cnidarians.arrow_forward
- Test Your Understanding 4.Which of the following characteristics is/are associated with amphibians? (a) amnion (b) placoid scales (c) heart with two complete ventricles (d) swim bladder (e) metamorphosisarrow_forwardTest Your Understanding 5. Which sequence most accurately describes the flow of air in the human respiratory system? 1. pharynx 2. bronchus 3. trachea 4. larynx 5. alveolus 6. Bronchiole (a) 4, 1, 3, 2, 5, 6 (b) 1,4, 3, 2, 5, 6 (c) 4, 1,3, 2, 6, 5 (d) 1, 4, 3, 2, 6, 5 (e) 1, 3, 4, 2, 6, 5arrow_forwardINTERPRET DATA Imagine that you discover a new animal in a rain forest. It has an elongated, segmented body with bristles, and it has no obvious head. Where would youplace this animal in the accompanying cladogram? Support your decision. Look at the more detailed cladogram inFigure 30-6a (in Chapter 30). What additional characteristicswould help you place your animal in this cladogram? Explainyour decision-making process.arrow_forward
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