Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305073951
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 45, Problem 1CT
With antibiotic resistance rising, researchers are looking for ways to reduce use of these drugs. Some cattle once fed antibiotic-laced food now get probiotic feed that can bolster population of helpful bacteria in the animal's gut. The idea is that if a large population of beneficial bacteria is in place, then harmful bacteria cannot become established or thrive. Which ecological principle is guiding this practice?
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In the previous simulations we overlooked a very important component of ecosystems:
the soil microbial communities. In the following examples we will see how their
community succession changes the entire system. Going from the ecosystems that we
picture in our minds: -forest landscapes and such- to our gut microbiome or even the
artificial ecosystems created to produce food like wine or tea, microbes are everywhere.
The first example is from: Development of microbial community during primary
succession in areas degraded by mining activities
"During open-cast coal mining, large amounts of spoil material overlying coal layers are
excavated and deposited aboveground. This process leads to land degradation because it
destroys the existing ecosystems or buries them under the deposited spoil material,
which is a substrate with very low initial biological activity (Frouz & Nováková, 2005).
The type of succession here would
The second example is from: Trait-
infant gut microbiome
✓ [Select]…
Many species of bacteria take up residence in our bodies and assist in digestion of certain foods. What type of interaction
is this?
A Competition
Parasitism/Predation
(c) Mutualism
Commensalism
An organism is able to live well in its environment because of special characteristics called *
a) Abiotic factors
B) Biotic factors
C)Aggregates
D)Adaptations
Chapter 45 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 45 - The type of physical environment in which a...Ch. 45 - Which cannot be a symbiosis? a. mutualism b....Ch. 45 - Prob. 3SQCh. 45 - ______ can lead to resource partitioning. a....Ch. 45 - Prob. 5SQCh. 45 - Prob. 1DAACh. 45 - Prob. 2DAACh. 45 - Testing Biological Control Ant-decapitating phorid...Ch. 45 - Prob. 4DAACh. 45 - Lizards that eat flies they catch on the ground...
Ch. 45 - Prob. 7SQCh. 45 - With ______, one species evolves to look like...Ch. 45 - Growth of a forest in an abandoned corn field is...Ch. 45 - Prob. 10SQCh. 45 - If you remove a species from a community, the...Ch. 45 - Prob. 12SQCh. 45 - Prob. 13SQCh. 45 - Prob. 14SQCh. 45 - Prob. 15SQCh. 45 - With antibiotic resistance rising, researchers are...Ch. 45 - Flightless birds on islands often have relatives...
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- 1. With antibiotic resistance rising, researchers are looking for ways to reduce use of these drugs. Some cattle once fed antibiotic-laced food now get probiotic feed that can bolster populations of helpful bacteria in the animal's gut. The idea is that if a large population of beneficial bacteria is in place, then harmful bacteria cannot become established or thrive. Which ecological principle is guid- ing this practice?arrow_forwardYou place two species of bacteria in a 50%/50% ratio into a test tube with nutrients that favor the growth of both bacterial species. After two days the ratio is 80%/20%. Assuming that the bacteria do not attack each other, do you think this is an example of competition?arrow_forwardUnder ideal conditions, a population of bacteria can grow to more than 1036 in 24 hours. This is a statement of the populations: a. Density b. Carrying capacity c. Growth rate d. Biotic potentialarrow_forward
- Which of the following factors would explain why there is a decreasing trend of microbial population from top to bottom? A. There is a shift in the condition form oxic to anoxic. B. All statements are acceptable. C. The soil particles become larger and not weathered. D. There is a decrease in the available nutrients.arrow_forwardLarge amounts of nitrates in fertilizer can indirectly harm sea otters and even more directly degrade ecosystems because nitrates contain large quantities of bacteria that cause infections in sea otters they stimulate the growth of algae, increasing kelp growth they reduce seaweed growth, degrading kelp forest habitat and reducing the number of sea urchins for sea otters to eat nitrates contribute to tree growth along beaches, dramatically changing ocean habitats nitrates encourage sea urchin growth, meaning that there is not enough food for the sea ottersarrow_forwardAnswer these two questions A) What are the abiotic factors that support different types of life? B) Explain how ecosystem diversity results in species diversity in a healthy biospherearrow_forward
- The large intestine of humans is populated by a complex community of benign microorganisms (not harmful) which compete for nutrients and may prevent pathogenic (harmful) microorganisms from becoming established. Which term would best describe this?a. competitive exclusionb. selective pressurec. successiond. environmental resistancearrow_forwardWhich of the following is not an abiotic factor in an ecosystem? A) Available light B) Temperature Water availability Number of organisms in a populationarrow_forwardAll of the following choices are autotrophic organisms, EXCEPT for Select the correct response: The Titan Arum "Methusalah" - Bristlecone Pine The Corpse Flower "Hyperion" - Redwoodarrow_forward
- Some species of which of the below kinds of organisms are employed as biopesticides? 3. 1.Bacteria 2. Fungi Flowering plants A) 1 only B) 2 and 3 only C) 1 and 3 only O D) 1, 2 and 3arrow_forwardWhy would it be a bad idea to rely on the self-regulatory processes to restore human caused damage to ecosystems?arrow_forwardPurple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria) and musk thistle (Carduus nutans) are ruderal plants that are invasive to Colorado. Both species can inhabit a range of habitats, but they grow especially well in high temperatures and moist soils. L. salicaria also harbors nitrogen-fixing bacteria in its roots. Suppose a researcher investigated the type of community interaction that these species have with each other, in nitrogen-poor and nitrogen-rich soils. The researcher grew the two species of plants in artificially constructed plots, as follows:• Treatment 1: L. salicaria in nitrogen-rich soil• Treatment 2: L. salicaria in nitrogen-poor soil• Treatment 3: C. nutans in nitrogen-rich soil• Treatment 4: C. nutans in nitrogen-poor soil• Treatment 5: L. salicaria and C. nutans in nitrogen-rich soil• Treatment 6: L. salicaria and C. nutans in nitrogen-poor soil Plots contained a total of 10 plants (either all 10 of one species, or five of one species and five of…arrow_forward
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