Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305073951
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 45, Problem 3DAA

Testing Biological Control Ant-decapitating phorid flies are just one of the biological control agents used to battle imported fire ants. Researchers have also enlisted the help of Thelohania solenopsae, another natural enemy of the ants. This microsporidian (Section 23.4) is a parasite that infects ants and shrinks the ovaries of the colony's egg-producing female (the queen). As a result, a colony dwindles in numbers and eventually dies out.

Are these biological controls useful against imported fire ants? To find out, USDA scientists treated infested areas with either traditional pesticides or pesticides plus biological controls (both flies and the parasite). The scientists left some plots untreated as controls. FIGURE 45.28 shows the results.

Chapter 45, Problem 3DAA, Testing Biological Control Ant-decapitating phorid flies are just one of the biological control

FIGURE 45.28 A comparison of two methods of controlling red imported fire ants. The graph shows numbers of imported fire ants over a 28-month period Orange triangles represent untreated control plots. Green circles are plots treated with pesticides alone Black squares are plots treated with pesticide and biological control agents (phorid flies along with a microsporidian parasite).

3. If this study had ended after the first year, would you conclude that biological controls had a major effect?

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