Campbell Biology, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with eText -- Access Card Package (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780133922851
Author: Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 44.3, Problem 3CC
Where and how does filtrate originate in the vertebrate kidney, and by what two routes do the components of the filtrate exit the kidney?
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The renal handling of a novel drug is being studied. When the drug is present in the blood, it is filtered into the Bowman’s capsule and secreted via transport proteins in the renal tubules, but it is NOT reabsorbed. The lines on the following graph represent filtration, secretion and excretion rates of this drug at various plasma concentrations.
For the three lines shown (labeled A-C) identify which line represents filtration, which line represents secretion, and which line represents excretion
Explain how you determined this.
The process of hydrogen ion secretion in the proximal convoluted tubule occurs via which of the following mechanisms?
Choose from the following:
(A) hydrogen ions diffuse out of the glomerular filtrate of the proximal convoluted tubule, through extracellular fluid and into the peritubular blood
(B) carbon dioxide diffuses into the proximal convoluted tubule cell from peritubular capillary blood; undergoes a chemical reaction to form carbonic acid; dissociates into hydrogen and bicarbonate ions; the hydrogen ion diffuses into the glomerular filtrate of the proximal convoluted tubule
(C) hydrogen ions diffuse out of the peritubular capillary blood, through extracellular fluid and into the filtrate of the proximal convoluted tubule
(D) carbon dioxide diffuses into the proximal convoluted tubule cell from the glomerular filtrate; undergoes a chemical reacdtion to form carbonic acid; dissociates into hydrogen and bicarbonate ions; the hydrogen ions diffuse into the peritubular blood
Draw a schematic diagram showing the flow of water and salts in the proximal tubule of the kidney. In this diagram, put the lumen on the left side of the diagram and the extracellular fluids on the right side of the diagram. Indicate where the lumen is, where the extracellular fluid is, where the apical portion of the cell is, and show the location of the proteins that are responsible for the movement of water and salts and glucose reabsorption in this area of the kidney
Chapter 44 Solutions
Campbell Biology, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with eText -- Access Card Package (10th Edition)
Ch. 44.1 - The movement of salt from the surrounding water to...Ch. 44.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 44.1 - WHAT IF? Researchers found that a camel in the...Ch. 44.2 - What advantage does uric acid offer as a...Ch. 44.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 44.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 44.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 44.3 - Where and how does filtrate originate in the...Ch. 44.3 - Prob. 4CCCh. 44.4 - What do the number and length of nephrons in a...
Ch. 44.4 - Many medications make the epithelium of the...Ch. 44.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 44.5 - How does alcohol affect regulation of water...Ch. 44.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 44.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 44 - Prob. 44.1CRCh. 44 - DRAW IT Construct a table summarizing the three...Ch. 44 - Prob. 44.3CRCh. 44 - Prob. 44.4CRCh. 44 - Why can only some patients with diabetes insipidus...Ch. 44 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 44 - The high osmolality of the renal medulla is...Ch. 44 - In which of the following species should natural...Ch. 44 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 44 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY You are exploring kidney...Ch. 44 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 44 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE The marine iguana...
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- What is an example of a diagram that explains the core concept of flow down gradients in the urinary system/kidneys?arrow_forwardHow does the secretion of ADH affect urine volume and urine concentration? What factors increase the release of ADH from the posterior pituitary gland? How would you alter the secretion of aldosterone and ADH to reabsorb more sodium without reabsorbing large quantities of water from the filtrate?arrow_forwardDrugs that increase urine flow (diuretic drugs) are often employed in the treatment of hypertension (high blood pressure) or other disease states. Three physiological categories of such drugs are ones that (i) function as loop diuretics, (ii) inhibit the action of aldosterone, and (iii) block Na+ channels in the collecting ducts. Explain why each of these categories would be expected to increase Na+ excretion and urine flow.arrow_forward
- What are the differences in the structure and mechanism of excretion between the metanephric type of kidney in vertebrates and the Malpighian tubules of insects?arrow_forwardWhich of the following does not contribute to the high salt concentration in the interstitial fluid of the kidney medulla? (a) active transport of sodium from the upper part of the ascending limb (b) diffusion of salt from the ascending limb of the loop of Henle (c) reabsorption of salt from various regions of Bowmans capsule (d) counterflow of fluid through the two limbs of the loop of Henle (e) diffusion of urea out of the collecting ductarrow_forwardWhy is excretion important in order to achieve osmotic balance?arrow_forward
- Which of the following does not contribute to the process of filtration? (a) active transport by epithelial cells lining renal tubules (b) large surface area for filtration (c) low permeability of glomerular capillaries (d) high hydrostatic blood pressure in glomerular capillaries (e) podocytesarrow_forwardAntidiuretic hormone (ADH) is produced in the pituitary gland and regulates the body's fluid volume and osmolality by affecting the number of active aquaporins (water channels) in the proximal tubules and the collecting duct. But what is it, above all, that drives the filtrate out of the tubules? a) Osmotic pressure formed depending on the composition of the filtrate b) Osmotic gradient in the medullary (kidney marrow) c) Hydrostatic pressure from the filtrate in tubules d) Blood pressure in the capillaryarrow_forwardWhat is the pathway of fluid filtered by the kidney from the glomerulus to its eventual excretion?arrow_forward
- Is the collecting tubule and collecting duct part of the renal tubule? Is the collecting tubule and collecting duct part of the nephron? Where are the intercalated cells and principal cells located?arrow_forwardList the three types of transport processes that involve carrier proteins in the renal tubule and collecting system?arrow_forwardFrom the previous question, In which section of the kidney tubules does this phosphorus movement occur? Is that movement passive or active?arrow_forward
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