Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134093413
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 44, Problem 6TYU
Summary Introduction
Introduction: The different animal species excrete nitrogenous waste in different forms. The nitrogenous waste can be excreted in three different forms, namely ammonia, urea and uric acid.
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Chapter 44 Solutions
Campbell Biology (11th Edition)
Ch. 44.1 - The movement of salt from the surrounding water to...Ch. 44.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 44.1 - WHAT IF? Researchers found that a camel in the...Ch. 44.2 - What advantage does uric acid offer as a...Ch. 44.2 - Prob. 2CCCh. 44.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 44.3 - Where and how does filtrate originate in the...Ch. 44.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 44.4 - What do the number and length of nephrons in a...Ch. 44.4 - Many medications make the epithelium of the...
Ch. 44.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 44.5 - How does alcohol affect regulation of water...Ch. 44.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 44.5 - Prob. 3CCCh. 44 - Prob. 44.1CRCh. 44 - DRAW IT Construct a table summarizing the three...Ch. 44 - Prob. 44.3CRCh. 44 - Prob. 44.4CRCh. 44 - Why can only some patients with diabetes insipidus...Ch. 44 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 44 - The high osmolality of the renal medulla is...Ch. 44 - In which of the following species should natural...Ch. 44 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 44 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY You are exploring kidney...Ch. 44 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 44 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE The marine iguana...
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- Why do mammals convert ammonia to urea rather than simply excreting it, as fish do?arrow_forwardRenal tubule cells acidify the urine and parietal cells acidify the stomach contents. In each case (a) which intracellular enzyme is key, and (b) blood concentration of which ion increases?arrow_forward45. Which statement does NOT describe a strategy used by multicellular animals to maintain osmotic balance with their surroundings? A) Cells have a contractile vacuole, an organelle that pumps water out of the cell. B) Animals have a high concentration of albumin and other proteins in blood plasma. C) Cells actively pump out Na" and other ions. D) Cells store fuel as a polysaccharide instead of as simple sugars. E) All of the statements describe a strategy to maintain osmotic balance.arrow_forward
- In the management of DKA, why would potassium be added to the maintenance fluids even if potassium levels are normal or high? Question 66 options: a) Potassium shifts from the extracellular fluid to the intracellular fluid when acidosis corrects b) Insulin promotes renal potassium loss c) Osmotic diuresis may continue to deplete extracellular fluid potassium levels d) Maintenance fluids will dilute potassium levels in the extracellular fluidarrow_forwardThe kidneys play a vital role in the proper functioning of the body. Urine and blood samples can both reflect the health of a person and indicate problems associated with kidney function. (a) Suppose that a person has damaged the B-cells in the islets of Langerhans resulting in Diabetes. Predict how this damage would affect urine production. What nutrient test, could be used as an indicator of this disease. Explain. (b) Consider the ramifications faced if the mitochondria in the proximal tubules stopped functioning. Evaluate the changes to urine output expected in an individual suffering from low functioning mitochondria in the proximal tubule. Be detailed in your response and include appropriate terminology.arrow_forwarda) What is the role of the lysosome in degrading proteins? What are the enzymes that degrade/hydrolyze proteins? How does the further degradation of amino acids occur?b) Explain the urea cycle and summarize the steps of the urea cycle starting from carbamoyl phosphate.arrow_forward
- Based on the following ion concentrations what is the equilibrium potential for Cl- at room temperature? Extracellular = 110 mM, Intracellular = 20 mM. a) -45 millivolts b) +45 millivolts c) +43 millivolts d) -43millivolts e) none of the abovearrow_forwardReports have indicated that a metabolic byproduct of Vitamin B6 produces 4-pyridoxic acid.(1) This metabolite has fluorescent properties to could “cross-talk” with quinine (i.e., increase the fluorescent signal used for quinine and result in artificially high quinine values).(2) What techniques could we employ to separate 4-pyridoxic acid and quinine in the urine sample? This is a BSL-2 lab.arrow_forwardWhen our tissues are burning metabolic fuel they produce protons and carbon dioxide. The enzyme carbonic anhydrase uses water to convert most of the carbon dioxide into carbonic acid. i) Describe the change of the blood carbon dioxide concentration of the swimmer from Phase I to the end of Phase II (do NOT explain the other phases)? ii) How does this change in the blood carbon dioxide concentration impact the pH of the blood of the swimmer from Phase I to the end of Phase II (do NOT explain the other phases)? iii) explain the chemical reasoning behind the impact on pH from Phase I to the end of Phase II (do NOT explain the other phases).arrow_forward
- A. An example of sulphur containing amino acid is (A) 2-Amino-3-mercaptopropanoic acid (B) 2-Amino-3-methylbutanoic acid (C) 2-Amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid (D) Amino acetic acidarrow_forwardGiven that ketones from ketosis are filtered in the kidney as anions, how does this lead to additional loss of waterweight?arrow_forwardAngiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) is the target of ACE inhibitors such as captopril that are used therapeutically to control blood pressure. The enzyme ACE converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is an octapeptide with the sequence Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe. What will its net charge be at pH 7? A) -2 B) -1 O C) O D) +1 E) +2arrow_forward
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