University Physics with Modern Physics (14th Edition)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9780321973610
Author: Hugh D. Young, Roger A. Freedman
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 44, Problem 44.49P
(a)
To determine
To explain: Why the expansion of the universe actually slowed down in its early history but is speeding up today.
(b)
To determine
To compare: The value of the scale factor of the universe in the present and the past history of the universe.
(c)
To determine
The nature of the expansion speed of the cluster of galaxies at
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Chapter 44 Solutions
University Physics with Modern Physics (14th Edition)
Ch. 44.1 - Each of the following particles can be exchanged...Ch. 44.2 - Prob. 44.2TYUCh. 44.3 - From conservation of energy, a particle of mass m...Ch. 44.4 - Prob. 44.4TYUCh. 44.5 - Prob. 44.5TYUCh. 44.6 - Is it accurate to say that your body is made of...Ch. 44.7 - Prob. 44.7TYUCh. 44 - Prob. 44.1DQCh. 44 - Prob. 44.2DQCh. 44 - When they were first discovered during the 1930s...
Ch. 44 - The gravitational force between two electrons is...Ch. 44 - Prob. 44.5DQCh. 44 - Prob. 44.6DQCh. 44 - Prob. 44.7DQCh. 44 - Prob. 44.8DQCh. 44 - Prob. 44.9DQCh. 44 - Does the universe have a center? Explain.Ch. 44 - Prob. 44.11DQCh. 44 - Prob. 44.12DQCh. 44 - Prob. 44.13DQCh. 44 - Prob. 44.1ECh. 44 - Prob. 44.2ECh. 44 - Prob. 44.3ECh. 44 - Prob. 44.4ECh. 44 - Prob. 44.5ECh. 44 - Prob. 44.6ECh. 44 - Prob. 44.7ECh. 44 - An electron with a total energy of 30.0 GeV...Ch. 44 - Deuterons in a cyclotron travel in a circle with...Ch. 44 - The magnetic field in a cyclotron that accelerates...Ch. 44 - Prob. 44.11ECh. 44 - Prob. 44.12ECh. 44 - Prob. 44.13ECh. 44 - Prob. 44.14ECh. 44 - Prob. 44.15ECh. 44 - Prob. 44.16ECh. 44 - Prob. 44.17ECh. 44 - Prob. 44.18ECh. 44 - What is the mass (in kg) of the Z0? What is the...Ch. 44 - Prob. 44.20ECh. 44 - Prob. 44.21ECh. 44 - Prob. 44.22ECh. 44 - Prob. 44.23ECh. 44 - Prob. 44.24ECh. 44 - Prob. 44.25ECh. 44 - Prob. 44.26ECh. 44 - Prob. 44.27ECh. 44 - Prob. 44.28ECh. 44 - Prob. 44.29ECh. 44 - Prob. 44.30ECh. 44 - Prob. 44.31ECh. 44 - Prob. 44.32ECh. 44 - Prob. 44.33ECh. 44 - Prob. 44.34ECh. 44 - Prob. 44.35ECh. 44 - Prob. 44.36ECh. 44 - Prob. 44.37ECh. 44 - Prob. 44.38ECh. 44 - Prob. 44.39PCh. 44 - Prob. 44.40PCh. 44 - Prob. 44.41PCh. 44 - Prob. 44.42PCh. 44 - Prob. 44.43PCh. 44 - Prob. 44.44PCh. 44 - Prob. 44.45PCh. 44 - Prob. 44.46PCh. 44 - Prob. 44.47PCh. 44 - Prob. 44.48PCh. 44 - Prob. 44.49PCh. 44 - Prob. 44.50PCh. 44 - Prob. 44.51PCh. 44 - The K0 meson has rest energy 497.7 MeV. A K0 meson...Ch. 44 - DATA While tuning up a medical cyclotron for use...Ch. 44 - Prob. 44.54PCh. 44 - Prob. 44.55PCh. 44 - Consider a collision in which a stationary...Ch. 44 - Prob. 44.57PPCh. 44 - Prob. 44.58PPCh. 44 - Prob. 44.59PP
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- Some theorists expected that observations would show that the density of matter in the universe is just equal to the critical density. Do the current observations support this hypothesis?arrow_forwardHow does the inflationary universe hypothesis resolve the flatness problem? How does that hypothesis resolve the horizon problem?arrow_forwardGalaxies are found in the “walls” of huge voids; very few galaxies are found in the voids themselves. The text says that the structure of filaments and voids has been present in the universe since shortly after the expansion began 13.8 billion years ago. In science, we always have to check to see whether some conclusion is contradicted by any other information we have. In this case, we can ask whether the voids would have filled up with galaxies in roughly 14 billion years. Observations show that in addition to the motion associated with the expansion of the universe, the galaxies in the walls of the voids are moving in random directions at typical speeds of 300 km/s. At least some of them will be moving into the voids. How far into the void will a galaxy move in 14 billion years? Is it a reasonable hypothesis that the voids have existed for 14 billion years?arrow_forward
- Explain what we mean when we call the universe homogeneous and isotropic. Would you say that the distribution of elephants on Earth is homogeneous and isotropic? Why?arrow_forwardExplain why it only appears that we are at the center of expansion of the universe and why an observer in another galaxy would see the same relative motion of all but the closest galaxies away from her.arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between hot dark matter and cold dark matter? How does this difference affect cosmology?arrow_forward
- Why cant an open universe have a center? How can a closed universe not have a center?arrow_forwardExplain the differences among the observable universe expanding, the Universe expanding, and the Universe's expansion accelerating.arrow_forwardIn which model universe does the average density of the Universe equal the critical density?arrow_forward
- (a) What Hubble constant corresponds to an approximate age of the universe of 1010 y? To get an approximate value, assume the expansion rate is constant and calculate the speed at which two galaxies must move apart to be separated by 1 Mly (present average galactic separation) in a time of 1010 y. (b) Similarly, what Hubble constant corresponds to a universe approximately 21010years old?arrow_forwardBriefly explain what is meant by “particle horizon” and “event horizon” in cosmology. Calculate the physical particle horizon, RH(t), at time t. Assume a flat FRW universe whichis dominated by a fluid that gives rise to scale factor evolution where n is a constant with 0 < n < 1, and a(t0) = a0.arrow_forwardConsidering the reactions in primordial nucleosynthesis only, what would be the impact on the universe today if the neutron lifetime were much smaller than 886s (the actual value of the neutron lifetime)? Select one: O a. Annihilations mean that the universe is left composed entirely of photons and neutrinos O b. There would be no difference to the actual universe O c. Only hydrogen atoms would be present today O d. There would be very small amounts of 4He in the universe todayarrow_forward
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