Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
14th Edition
ISBN: 9781305073951
Author: Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Question
Chapter 44, Problem 1DAA
Summary Introduction
To examine: The Island that has a greater
Concept introduction: Marine iguana are reptiles and unique amongst the modern lizards. They feed on algae and large species, and find their food source on the tidal region as they live on rocky shores. These are currently considered as threatened species due to the poaching, negative effects of introduced species, and loss and fragmentation of habitat. Many NGOs and program researchers have taken part in protecting these species by creating artificial nesting sites.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Very few species on Earth are completely r-selected or K-selected. Many species in their natural habitats demonstrate a life strategy that ranges along a continuum between r- and K-selected strategies. Use this information to answer the 3 sub-parts.
a) Sea otters are marine mammals that live in northern Pacific coasts. Typical female sea otters reach sexual maturity around 3 or 4 years of age, and they reproduce once a year, producing a single pup.Only female sea otters are tasked with raising the offspring. Mothers constantly take care of their pups until they are 8 months old, but only 25% of the pups survive past the first year. Sea otter fur was highly sought after between the 18th century and the early 20th century. Through conservation efforts, the number of sea otters increased. The current world population is estimated to be between 1 000 and 2 000 individuals, and they are considered to be endangered. Their main food source is sea urchins, molluscs, and crustaceans. Sea…
Conservation biologists have altered the evolution of salmon populations in captive-breeding programs. Wild female salmon tend to produce fewer large eggs because the large eggs contain more nutrients for the off spring, giving each individual a greater chance to survive. After just a few generations, however, captive-bred females now lay greater numbers of small eggs. Suggest a possible adaptive advantage for many small eggs in the captive-bred environment. What would you predict regarding the reproductive success of captive-bred females released in the wild?
A group of researchers are interested in whether temperature has an affect on time to
metamorphosis in a species of frog. Eggs from a single pond were obtained and raised at either
15°C or 25°C until metamorphosis completed.
Time (days)
15°C
25°C
360
379
375
353
354
299
378
349
385
323
359
298
371
301
355
375
μ
367.1
334.6
S
11.66
33.85
Time to metamorphosis at 25°C quantile
Time to metamorphosis at 15°C quantile
385
380
375
370
365
360
355
+3
-1.5
380
360
340
320
300
-1.0
-0.5
00
05
10
1.5
Normal quantile
-1.5
-1.0
-0.5
00
0.5
1.0
Normal quantile
a) List the potential statistical tests that could be used to test the researcher's hypothesis, how
they compare in terms of power, and the assumptions made by those tests. (3 marks)
b) Based on the data, which test should be used? Provide a brief explanation and test any
assumptions, as necessary to come to your conclusion. (4 marks)
c) Conduct a statistical analysis using that test. (8 marks)
Chapter 44 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 44 - Most commonly, individuals of a population show a...Ch. 44 - Prob. 2SQCh. 44 - Suppose 200 fish are marked and released in a...Ch. 44 - Prob. 1DAACh. 44 - Prob. 2DAACh. 44 - Iguana Decline In 1987, Martin Wikelski began a...Ch. 44 - Prob. 4SQCh. 44 - For a given species, the maximum rate of increase...Ch. 44 - Prob. 6SQCh. 44 - A life history pattern is a set of adaptations...
Ch. 44 - The human population is now about 7 billion. It...Ch. 44 - Prob. 9SQCh. 44 - Prob. 10SQCh. 44 - Prob. 11SQCh. 44 - Prob. 12SQCh. 44 - Match each term with its most suitable...Ch. 44 - Think back to Section 44.6. When researchers moved...Ch. 44 - The age structure diagrams for two hypothetical...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which of these following scenarios is caused by the Allee effect? Corals rely on external fertilization when gametes (sperm and eggs) are released into the sea in large quantities and have to meet at random chance. When coral densities drop due to coral bleaching and die back, external fertilization becomes inefficient, few zygotes form, and coral populations further decline or go extinct. After a big disturbance in forests, such as fire, many seeds germinate and seedlings compete for space, light and resources. K-selected species produce fewer, but larger seeds that are initially outnumbered by the numerous sEeds and resulting seedlings of r-selected species. The initial advantage of r-selected species of Occupying more locations and therefore by random chance also better locations, is later overcome by the K-selected species higher competitive ability. Therefore, for the first years to decades, r-selected species dominate areas that experienced severe disturbances, while in mature…arrow_forwardYou are surveying of the turtle species identifies several breeding populations in different habitats across the island. After a very warm summer of 2020, you observe that the hatchlings from low-elevation nests are mostly males, whereas hatchlings from higher elevations have an equal female-to-male sex ratio. As a bit more background, temperature influences the sex ratio in some turtle species, a phenomenon called temperature-sex determination (TSD). With this knowledge, you hypothesize this new turtle species exhibits TSD, and that eggs incubated at low elevations during the warm year experienced a high enough embryonic temperature to skew the sex ratio. To test this, you collect 20 newly laid eggs in early 2021 & take them back to the lab to conduct an experiment to test your hypothesis that this species exhibits TSD. Assume you know the average nest temperature in the wild, and you have access to multiple incubators Design an experiment to test the hypothesis that this turtle…arrow_forwardIguana Decline In 1987, Martin Wikelski began a long-term study of marine iguanas in the Galpagos Islands. He marked iguanas on two islandsGenovesa and Santa Feand collected data on how their body size, survival, and reproductive rates varied over time. He found that because iguanas eat algae and have no predators, deaths usually result from food shortages, disease, or old age. In January 2001, an oil tanker ran aground and leaked a small amount of oil into the waters near Santa Fe. FIGURE 44.3 shows the number of marked iguanas that Wikelski and his team counted in their study populations just before the spill and about a year later. FIGURE 44.3 Shifting numbers of marked marine iguanas on two Galpagos islands. An oil spill occurred near Santa Fe just after the January 2001 census (orange bars). A second census was carried out in December 2001 (green bars). Wikelski concluded that changes on Santa Fe were the result of the oil spill, rather than sea temperature or other climate factors common to both islands. How would the census numbers be different from those he observed if an adverse event had affected both islands?arrow_forward
- Iguana Decline In 1987, Martin Wikelski began a long-term study of marine iguanas in the Galpagos Islands. He marked iguanas on two islandsGenovesa and Santa Feand collected data on how their body size, survival, and reproductive rates varied over time. He found that because iguanas eat algae and have no predators, deaths usually result from food shortages, disease, or old age. In January 2001, an oil tanker ran aground and leaked a small amount of oil into the waters near Santa Fe. FIGURE 44.3 shows the number of marked iguanas that Wikelski and his team counted in their study populations just before the spill and about a year later. FIGURE 44.3 Shifting numbers of marked marine iguanas on two Galpagos islands. An oil spill occurred near Santa Fe just after the January 2001 census (orange bars). A second census was carried out in December 2001 (green bars). How much did the population size on each island change between the first and second census?arrow_forwardIguana Decline In 1987, Martin Wikelski began a long-term study of marine iguanas in the Calapgos Islands. He marked iguanas on two islandsGenovesa and Santa Feand collected data on how their body size, survival, and reproductive rates varied over time. He found that because iguanas eat algae and have no predators, deaths usually result from food shortages, disease, or old age. In January 2001, an oil tanker ran aground and leaked a small amount of oil into the waters near Santa Fe. FIGURE 44.17 shows the number of marked iguanas that Wikelski and his team counted in their study populations just before the spill and about a year later. FIGURE 44.17 Shifting numbers of marked marine iguanas on two Galpagos islands. An oil spill occurred near Santa Fe just after the January 2001 census (orange bars). A second census was carried out in December 2001 (green bars). 3. Wikelski concluded that changes on Santa He were the result of the oil spill, rather than sea temperature or other climate factors common to both islands. How would the census numbers be different from those he observed if an adverse event had affected both Islands?arrow_forwardWhy do you suppose a male attaches permanently to the female in this species?arrow_forward
- The Two-Sided Attack on the Spiny Cactus The spiny cactus is a type of plant that lives in a desert environment. A population of spiny cact shows variation in the number of spines on their outer surfaces. The graph below shows the distribution of the number of spines before the introduction of collared peccaries and parasitic wasps. Spiny Cactus Organism Collared peccary (musk hog) Collared peccaries and parasitic wasps are two organisms that were introduced to the ecosystem in which the spiny cactus population lives. The chart describes the relationship between the spiny cacti and these two organisms Parasitic wasp 100- o 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 Number of Spines Organisms Introduced into the Ecosystem C2022 Iluminate Education, Inc. Relationship with Spiny Cactus Plants They eat spiny cactus plants that have a small number of spines. They lay eggs at the base of cactus spines. When the eggs hatch, the emerging grubs dig into the interior of the cactus. and eat the inner pulp of the…arrow_forwardIn the Introduction, the authors set the stage for their experiment. What ecological issues were facing Yellowstone National Park when wolves were no longer there, and how were the researchers going to test the questions they wanted to ask? In 4 – 6 sentences, summarize the Methods section of this paper. One of the questions the researchers asked when they began their experiment was “With wolves now back on the Yellowstone landscape for 15 years, how has the reintroduction of wolves affected the recruitment of the woody browse species?” Use data from the Ripple and Beschta paper to support your answer. In any scientific paper, the Discussion is often the most hard-hitting, and where researchers elaborate and explain their results in the context of their experiment and the real world. Explain why when researchers tried culling some of the elk herd it did not have trophic effects, while reintroducing wolves did have trophic effects. Describe the multiple impacts of wolf…arrow_forwardWhy are frogs a good indicator species? They are increasing in number, suggesting that they are resistant to environmental degradation. They are resistant to increases in ultraviolet light. They are of considerable economic importance. Their numbers can be manipulated easily with minimal effects on other species. Their eggs do not have hard shells to protect them from environmental contaminants.arrow_forward
- Suppose that researchers wanted to examine the combined effects of an introduced predator (a trout) and the trematode parasite Ribeiroia on amphibian populations. To do this, they established frog populations in each of 40 artificial ponds. Each pond was assigned at random to one of four treatments (10 ponds per treatment): 1) neither trout or parasites were added to the pond (the "No trout, no parasite" treatment); 2) no trout were added but parasites were added ("No trout, parasite added"); 3) trout were added but parasites were not added ("Trout added, no parasite"); and 4) both trout and parasites were added ("Trout added, parasite added"). Each pond contained refugia where tadpoles could avoid attack by trout, to avoid fish predators driving frog populations to extinction in an artificial pond, unlike what typically occurs in a natural pond. After two breeding seasons, the researchers estimated the density of frogs in each pond. The results are shown in the table and the figure.…arrow_forwardSuppose that you discover a new species of gastropod in a deep-sea hydrothermal vent community. This species grows rapidly, reproduces at 3 months of age, and has several clutches of >20,000 eggs each year. It appears to follow a Type I survivorship curve (i.e., juvenile mortality is low, and most individuals survive to adulthood). The largest individual you observed is at least 150 years old. When you submit your results for publication, one reviewer recommends rejection, saying your data are clearly flawed, while the second reviewer says you’ve made the most important discovery in modern population biology. Their reasoning is exactly the same. What is it about your results that is causing these reactions?arrow_forwardA scientist for one of the Water Management Districts near Victoria conducts a study of the effects of industrial wastewater on marine clams (animals that are sessile as adults) by comparing the density and reproductive condition of clams collected within 100 m of a discharge pipe with those collected 10 km away. He found very low densities of clams near the pipe and those that were there had very small gonads. You have been hired by the company discharging wastewater via this pipe to explain why these data should not be used to shut you down. What scientific arguments are you going to make to the review board? Hint: don’t talk about study design issues….tell me about what other ecological factors might be at play here.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap...BiologyISBN:9781337408332Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap...BiologyISBN:9781305073951Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage LearningBiology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...BiologyISBN:9781305117396Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa StarrPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305389892Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap...
Biology
ISBN:9781337408332
Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life (MindTap...
Biology
ISBN:9781305073951
Author:Cecie Starr, Ralph Taggart, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology (Mi...
Biology
ISBN:9781305117396
Author:Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology
ISBN:9781305389892
Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher:Cengage Learning
MARINE ECOSYSTEM (Animation); Author: EarthPen;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-wrUr0esoI0;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY