Fundamentals of Physics
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781118230718
Author: David Halliday
Publisher: Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated
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Textbook Question
Chapter 43, Problem 8Q
Which of these elements is not “cooked up” by thermonuclear fusion processes in stellar interiors: carbon, silicon, chromium, bromine?
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Which of these elements is not “cooked up” by thermonuclear fusion processes in stellar interiors: carbon, silicon, chromium, bromine?
Another series of nuclear reactions that can produce energy in the interior of stars is the cycle described below. This cycle is most efficient when the central temperature in a star is above 1.6x10' K.
Because the temperature at the center of the Sun is only 1.5×10' K, the following cycle below produces less than 10% of the Sun's energy. (Enter the mass number in the first raised box, the atomic
number in the second lower box, and the element in the third box.)
(a) A high-energy proton is absorbed by 12c. Another nucleus, A, is produced in the reaction, along with a gamma ray. Identify nucleus A.
(b) Nucleus A decays through positron emission to form nucleus B. Identify nucleus B.
(c) Nucleus B absorbs a proton to produce nucleus C and a gamma ray. Identify nucleus C.
(d) Nucleus C absorbs a proton to produce nucleus D and a gamma ray. Identify nucleus D.
(e) Nucleus D decays through positron emission to produce nucleus E. Identify nucleus E.
(f) Nucleus E absorbs a proton to produce…
Another series of nuclear reactions that can produce energy in the interior of stars is the carbon cycle first proposed by Hans Bethe in 1939, leading to his Nobel Prize in Physics in 1967. This cycle is most efficient when the central temperature in a star is above 1.6 x 10^7 K. Because the temperature at the center of the Sun is only 1.5 x 10^7 K, the following cycle produces less than 10% of the Sun’s energy.
(a) A high-energy proton is absorbed by 12C. Another nucleus, A, is produced in the reaction, along with a gamma ray. Identify nucleus A.
(b) Nucleus A decays through positron emission to form nucleus B. Identify nucleus B.
(c) Nucleus B absorbs a proton to produce nucleus C and a gamma ray. Identify nucleus C.
(d) Nucleus C absorbs a proton to produce nucleus D and a gamma ray. Identify nucleus D.
(e) Nucleus D decays through positron emission to produce nucleus E. Identify nucleus E.
(f) Nucleus E absorbs a proton to produce nucleus F plus an alpha particle. Identify nucleus…
Chapter 43 Solutions
Fundamentals of Physics
Ch. 43 - Prob. 1QCh. 43 - Prob. 2QCh. 43 - Prob. 3QCh. 43 - Prob. 4QCh. 43 - Prob. 5QCh. 43 - Prob. 6QCh. 43 - Prob. 7QCh. 43 - Which of these elements is not cooked up by...Ch. 43 - Prob. 9QCh. 43 - Prob. 10Q
Ch. 43 - Prob. 11QCh. 43 - Prob. 12QCh. 43 - Prob. 1PCh. 43 - Prob. 2PCh. 43 - Prob. 3PCh. 43 - Prob. 4PCh. 43 - Prob. 5PCh. 43 - Prob. 6PCh. 43 - Prob. 7PCh. 43 - Prob. 8PCh. 43 - Prob. 9PCh. 43 - Prob. 10PCh. 43 - Prob. 11PCh. 43 - Prob. 12PCh. 43 - Prob. 13PCh. 43 - Prob. 14PCh. 43 - Prob. 15PCh. 43 - Prob. 16PCh. 43 - Prob. 17PCh. 43 - Prob. 18PCh. 43 - Prob. 19PCh. 43 - Prob. 20PCh. 43 - Prob. 21PCh. 43 - Prob. 22PCh. 43 - Prob. 23PCh. 43 - Prob. 24PCh. 43 - SSM a A neutron of mass mn and kinetic energy K...Ch. 43 - Prob. 26PCh. 43 - Prob. 27PCh. 43 - Prob. 28PCh. 43 - Prob. 29PCh. 43 - Prob. 30PCh. 43 - Prob. 31PCh. 43 - Prob. 32PCh. 43 - Prob. 33PCh. 43 - Prob. 34PCh. 43 - Prob. 35PCh. 43 - Prob. 36PCh. 43 - Prob. 37PCh. 43 - Prob. 38PCh. 43 - Prob. 39PCh. 43 - Prob. 40PCh. 43 - Prob. 41PCh. 43 - Prob. 42PCh. 43 - Prob. 43PCh. 43 - Prob. 44PCh. 43 - Prob. 45PCh. 43 - Prob. 46PCh. 43 - SSM WWW Coal burns according to the reaction...Ch. 43 - Prob. 48PCh. 43 - Prob. 49PCh. 43 - Prob. 50PCh. 43 - Prob. 51PCh. 43 - Prob. 52PCh. 43 - Prob. 53PCh. 43 - Prob. 54PCh. 43 - Prob. 55PCh. 43 - Prob. 56PCh. 43 - Prob. 57PCh. 43 - Prob. 58P
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- What gives the triple-alpha process its name? Why is it called a process and not a chain or a cycle?arrow_forwardChoose the BEST answer to the following. Which process would release energy from gold, fission or fusion? From carbon? (a) Gold: fission; carbon: fusion (b) Gold: fusion; carbon: fission (c) Gold: fission; carbon: fission (d) Gold: fusion; carbon: fusionarrow_forwardConsider equal numbers of deuterium and tritium nuclei fusing to form helium-4 nuclei, as given in the image. part a) What is the yield in joules of kinetic energy liberated per kilogram of fuel? part b) How does this compare with a typical yield of 10^6 J/kg for chemical fuels?arrow_forward
- For a fusion reaction, at which temperature T do you expect the optimal reaction rate to approximately occur? In the expressions below EG is the Gamow energy of the reaction and k is the Boltzmann constant. Select one: O a. T O b. T: O c. T d. T = Oe. T - - = = EG 100k 10EG k EG 10k EG k 100 EG karrow_forwardWhy do nuclei of elements other than hydrogen require higher temperatures to undergo fusion than does hydrogen?arrow_forwardAnother series of nuclear reactions that can produce energy in the interior of stars is the cycle described below. This cycle is most efficient when the central temperature in a star is above 1.6 x107 K. Because the temperature at the center of the Sun is only 1.5 x 107 K, the following cycle produces less than 10% of the Sun’s energy. (a) A high - energy proton is absorbed by 12C. Another nucleus, A, is produced in the reaction, along with a gamma ray. Identify nucleus A. (b) Nucleus A decays through positron emission to form nucleus B. Identify nucleus B. (c) Nucleus B absorbs a proton to produce nucleus C and a gamma ray. Identify nucleus C . (d) Nucleus C absorbs a proton to produce nucleus D and a gamma ray. Identify nucleus D. (e) Nucleus D decays through positron emission to produce nucleus E. Identify nucleus E. (f ) Nucleus E absorbs a proton to produce nucleus F plus an alpha particle. What is nucleus F? Note: If nucleus F is not 12C— that is, the nucleus you started with —…arrow_forward
- For a fusion reaction, at which temperature T do you expect the optimal reaction rate to approximately occur? In the expressions below EG is the Gamow energy of the reaction and k is the Boltzmann constant. Select one: O a. T O b. T O c. T O d. T O e. T = = = = = EG 100k 100EG k EG k 10EG k EG 10karrow_forwardExplain the fusion reaction that occurs in the Sun?arrow_forwardThe 2-H formed in the first reaction has less mass than the two 1-H that form it; the missing mass converts to other forms of energy according to E = mc2 (this ultimately is the energy source that keeps the Sun's core at 15 million degrees Celsius). You will find the amount of mass converted to energy by carefully using a calculator. Using the numbers in the Atomic Mass column, calculate H + H- D. Type the entire calculator answer carefully. [it should be positive, similar in style %3D to 0.002179] (1) (2) Element (3) Symbol (4) Mass Number, (5) Atomic Mass (6) % Abundance (or Radioactive Decay Mode) (7) Half-life Atomic Number Z. (if radioactive) (Neutron) 1.008665 10.4 min Hydrogen Deuterium Tritium H. 1.007825 2.014102 99.985% 0.015% 3 3.016049 12.33 yr Helium Не 3 3.016029 4.002602 0.000137% 99.999863% 4 Lithium Li 6. 6.015121 7.016003 7.5% 92.5% 7 4 Beryllium Be 7.016928 EC, 7 53.29 days 9. 9.012182 100%arrow_forward
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