Fundamentals of Physics
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781118230718
Author: David Halliday
Publisher: Wiley, John & Sons, Incorporated
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Chapter 43, Problem 46P
To determine
To:
(a) show that the carbon cycle is exactly equivalent in its overall effects to the proton-proton cycle.
(b) verify that the two cycle have exactly the same Q value.
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Scientists can determine the age of ancient objects by the method of radiocarbon dating. The bombardment of the upper atmosphere by cosmic rays converts nitrogen to a radioactive isotope of carbon, 14C, with a half-life of about 5730 years. Vegetation absorbs carbon dioxide through the atmosphere and
animal life assimilates ¹4C through food chains. When a plant or animal dies, it stops replacing its carbon and the amount of 14C begins to decrease through radioactive decay. Therefore the level of radioactivity must also decay exponentially. A parchment fragment was discovered that had about 75% as much
14C radioactivity as does plant material on earth today. Estimate the age of the parchment. (Round your answer to the nearest whole number.)
yr
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q9
c) The equation below describes the disintegration of a polonium nucleus into a
lead nucleus and an alpha-particle. During the reaction energy Q is
released.
210Po → He +²02Pb+Q
84
82
Calculate the loss of energy during the reaction.
The masses in the atomic mass unit u are as follows:
210
206
Po= 209.98287 u, Pb = 205.97446 u and He = 4.002604 u.
84
82
You may assume that 1u is equivalent to 931 MeV.
d) The lead nucleus recoils in the opposite direction to the emitted alpha particle
conserving momentum. Hence calculate:
i) The ratio of the recoil nucleus and alpha particle velocities
ii) The kinetic energy distribution of these products.
Chapter 43 Solutions
Fundamentals of Physics
Ch. 43 - Prob. 1QCh. 43 - Prob. 2QCh. 43 - Prob. 3QCh. 43 - Prob. 4QCh. 43 - Prob. 5QCh. 43 - Prob. 6QCh. 43 - Prob. 7QCh. 43 - Which of these elements is not cooked up by...Ch. 43 - Prob. 9QCh. 43 - Prob. 10Q
Ch. 43 - Prob. 11QCh. 43 - Prob. 12QCh. 43 - Prob. 1PCh. 43 - Prob. 2PCh. 43 - Prob. 3PCh. 43 - Prob. 4PCh. 43 - Prob. 5PCh. 43 - Prob. 6PCh. 43 - Prob. 7PCh. 43 - Prob. 8PCh. 43 - Prob. 9PCh. 43 - Prob. 10PCh. 43 - Prob. 11PCh. 43 - Prob. 12PCh. 43 - Prob. 13PCh. 43 - Prob. 14PCh. 43 - Prob. 15PCh. 43 - Prob. 16PCh. 43 - Prob. 17PCh. 43 - Prob. 18PCh. 43 - Prob. 19PCh. 43 - Prob. 20PCh. 43 - Prob. 21PCh. 43 - Prob. 22PCh. 43 - Prob. 23PCh. 43 - Prob. 24PCh. 43 - SSM a A neutron of mass mn and kinetic energy K...Ch. 43 - Prob. 26PCh. 43 - Prob. 27PCh. 43 - Prob. 28PCh. 43 - Prob. 29PCh. 43 - Prob. 30PCh. 43 - Prob. 31PCh. 43 - Prob. 32PCh. 43 - Prob. 33PCh. 43 - Prob. 34PCh. 43 - Prob. 35PCh. 43 - Prob. 36PCh. 43 - Prob. 37PCh. 43 - Prob. 38PCh. 43 - Prob. 39PCh. 43 - Prob. 40PCh. 43 - Prob. 41PCh. 43 - Prob. 42PCh. 43 - Prob. 43PCh. 43 - Prob. 44PCh. 43 - Prob. 45PCh. 43 - Prob. 46PCh. 43 - SSM WWW Coal burns according to the reaction...Ch. 43 - Prob. 48PCh. 43 - Prob. 49PCh. 43 - Prob. 50PCh. 43 - Prob. 51PCh. 43 - Prob. 52PCh. 43 - Prob. 53PCh. 43 - Prob. 54PCh. 43 - Prob. 55PCh. 43 - Prob. 56PCh. 43 - Prob. 57PCh. 43 - Prob. 58P
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- The isotope iron-56 has a nuclear mass of 55.9349375 u. Calculate the binding energy of iron-56 using the following information: Mass of Proton: 1.007825 u, Mass of Neutron: 1.008665 u, 1 u = 931.5 MeV a 3.274 eV b 6.153 eV c 8.790 eV d 9.624 eVarrow_forwardThe Sun produces energy at a rate of 4.00 x 1028 W by the fusion of hydrogen. If the Sun is 90.0% hydrogen and half of this can undergo fusion before the Sun changes character, how long could it produce energy at its current rate?arrow_forwardAnother set of reactions that result in the fusing ofhydrogen into helium in the Sun and especially in hotter starsis called the carbon cycle. It is12C + 1H → 13N + γ,13N → 13C + e+ + ve,13C + 1H → 14N + γ,14N + 1H → 15O + γ,15O → 15N + e+ + ve,15N + 1H → 12C + 4He.Write down the overall effect of the carbon cycle (as wasdone for the proton-proton cycle in2e− + 41H → 4 He + 2ve + 6γ ). Note the number of protons ( 1H ) required and assume that the positrons ( e+ ) annihilate electrons to form more γ rays.arrow_forward
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