The innate immunity of insects consists of many protective mechanisms. Their exoskeleton acts as a physical barrier against the pathogens. Their intestinal tract is lined by a chitin layer that checks the admittance of pathogens ingested along with food. The salivary secretion has lysozyme enzyme that breaks down the “cell wall of bacteria”. The immune cells of insects are called as hemocytes. These hemocytes destroy the pathogens by phagocytosis. Some hemocytes discharge “antimicrobial peptides” into the blood circulation and kill the pathogen by destroying their outer membrane.

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Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 43, Problem 1TYU

Summary Introduction

Introduction: The innate immunity of insects consists of many protective mechanisms. Their exoskeleton acts as a physical barrier against the pathogens. Their intestinal tract is lined by a chitin layer that checks the admittance of pathogens ingested along with food. The salivary secretion has lysozyme enzyme that breaks down the “cell wall of bacteria”. The immune cells of insects are called as hemocytes. These hemocytes destroy the pathogens by phagocytosis. Some hemocytes discharge “antimicrobial peptides” into the blood circulation and kill the pathogen by destroying their outer membrane.

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One of the ways for a cell to generate ATP is through the oxidative phosphorylation. In oxidative phosphorylation 3 ATP are produced from every one NADH molecule. In respiration, every glucose molecule produces 10 NADH molecules. If a cell is growing on 5 glucose molecules, how much ATP can be produced using oxidative phosphorylation/aerobic respiration?

If a cell is growing on 5 glucose molecules, how much ATP can be produced using oxidative phosphorylation/aerobic respiration?

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 43, Problem 1TYU

Summary Introduction

Introduction: The innate immunity of insects consists of many protective mechanisms. Their exoskeleton acts as a physical barrier against the pathogens. Their intestinal tract is lined by a chitin layer that checks the admittance of pathogens ingested along with food. The salivary secretion has lysozyme enzyme that breaks down the “cell wall of bacteria”. The immune cells of insects are called as hemocytes. These hemocytes destroy the pathogens by phagocytosis. Some hemocytes discharge “antimicrobial peptides” into the blood circulation and kill the pathogen by destroying their outer membrane.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 43, Problem 1TYU

Summary Introduction

Introduction: The innate immunity of insects consists of many protective mechanisms. Their exoskeleton acts as a physical barrier against the pathogens. Their intestinal tract is lined by a chitin layer that checks the admittance of pathogens ingested along with food. The salivary secretion has lysozyme enzyme that breaks down the “cell wall of bacteria”. The immune cells of insects are called as hemocytes. These hemocytes destroy the pathogens by phagocytosis. Some hemocytes discharge “antimicrobial peptides” into the blood circulation and kill the pathogen by destroying their outer membrane.

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Answer 4

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Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 43, Problem 1TYU

Summary Introduction