The innate immunity of insects consists of many protective mechanisms. Their exoskeleton acts as a physical barrier against the pathogens. Their intestinal tract is lined by a chitin layer that checks the admittance of pathogens ingested along with food. The salivary secretion has lysozyme enzyme that breaks down the “cell wall of bacteria”. The immune cells of insects are called as hemocytes. These hemocytes destroy the pathogens by phagocytosis. Some hemocytes discharge “antimicrobial peptides” into the blood circulation and kill the pathogen by destroying their outer membrane.

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Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 43, Problem 1TYU

Summary Introduction

Introduction: The innate immunity of insects consists of many protective mechanisms. Their exoskeleton acts as a physical barrier against the pathogens. Their intestinal tract is lined by a chitin layer that checks the admittance of pathogens ingested along with food. The salivary secretion has lysozyme enzyme that breaks down the “cell wall of bacteria”. The immune cells of insects are called as hemocytes. These hemocytes destroy the pathogens by phagocytosis. Some hemocytes discharge “antimicrobial peptides” into the blood circulation and kill the pathogen by destroying their outer membrane.

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Awnser these Discussion Questions Answer these discussion questions and submit them as part of your lab report. Part A: The Effect of Temperature on Enzyme Activity Graph the volume of oxygen produced against the temperature of the solution. How is the oxygen production in 30 seconds related to the rate of the reaction? At what temperature is the rate of reaction the highest? Lowest? Explain. Why might the enzyme activity decrease at very high temperatures? Why might a high fever be dangerous to humans? What is the optimal temperature for enzymes in the human body? Part B: The Effect of pH on Enzyme Activity Graph the volume of oxygen produced against the pH of the solution. At what pH is the rate of reaction the highest? Lowest? Explain. Why does changing the pH affect the enzyme activity? Research the enzyme catalase. What is its function in the human body? What is the optimal pH for the following enzymes found in the human body? Explain. (catalase, lipase (in your stomach),…

Anwser these Discussion Questions: Part One Why were the plants kept in the dark prior to the experiment? Why is this important? Why is it important to boil the leaf? Explain why it was necessary to use boiling alcohol? What is the purpose of the iodine? Part Two What was the purpose of keeping the leaf in the dark and then covering it with a cardboard cut-out? What conclusions can you draw from this part of the lab? Part Three 7. In this experiment what was the purpose of adding the soda lime? 8. Why was a sealed bag placed around each plant? 9. What happened in the control plants? 10. What was the result on photosynthesis? Part Four 11. Why was a variegated leaf used in this experiment? !2. What conclusions can you draw about starch production in a variegated leaf?

How did the color differences between the two bacterial species you used in this experiment help you determine if the streak plate method you performed was successful?

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Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 43, Problem 1TYU

Summary Introduction

Introduction: The innate immunity of insects consists of many protective mechanisms. Their exoskeleton acts as a physical barrier against the pathogens. Their intestinal tract is lined by a chitin layer that checks the admittance of pathogens ingested along with food. The salivary secretion has lysozyme enzyme that breaks down the “cell wall of bacteria”. The immune cells of insects are called as hemocytes. These hemocytes destroy the pathogens by phagocytosis. Some hemocytes discharge “antimicrobial peptides” into the blood circulation and kill the pathogen by destroying their outer membrane.

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 43, Problem 1TYU

Summary Introduction

Introduction: The innate immunity of insects consists of many protective mechanisms. Their exoskeleton acts as a physical barrier against the pathogens. Their intestinal tract is lined by a chitin layer that checks the admittance of pathogens ingested along with food. The salivary secretion has lysozyme enzyme that breaks down the “cell wall of bacteria”. The immune cells of insects are called as hemocytes. These hemocytes destroy the pathogens by phagocytosis. Some hemocytes discharge “antimicrobial peptides” into the blood circulation and kill the pathogen by destroying their outer membrane.

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Answer 4

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Definition Definition Organ system that helps in the digestion of food by mechanical and biochemical processes. The digestive system breaks down food into simpler components that enable the body to then absorb or transport nutrients. The human digestive system includes the gastrointestinal tract or alimentary canal and the associate glands. The organs of the gastrointestinal tract include the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. The associated glands include salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas.

Chapter 43, Problem 1TYU

Summary Introduction