How do agglutination tests detect microbes in a patient’s blood or fluids differ from techniques to detect antibodies to microbes in a patient’s serum?
To analyze:
The difference between the normal immunoassays that detect microbes in patient's serum and agglutination tests detecting microbes in patient's blood or fluids.
Introduction:
Immunoassays:
Immunoassays are techniques that are performed to detect the presence of an antibody in a patient's serum with respect to a known antigen of a pathogen or to detect the presence of a disease causing antigen corresponding to a known antibody.
Latex Agglutination test:
It is a type of agglutination test used to detect the presence of an antigen or an antibody in a patient's body fluids with respect to a particular diseased condition. Examples of body fluids- Blood, Saliva, Urine, Cerebrospinal fluid etc.
Explanation of Solution
ELISA (Enzyme Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay) is one of the widely used Immunoassays that detect the presence of antigen or antibody in a patient's serum. The technique involves coating the well of the microtiter plate with antigen and adding primary antibody (known antibody that binds to the antigen of the pathogen) .The secondary antibody labelled with an enzyme is added to which a chromogenic substrate is introduced. If there is antigen-antibody interaction the colour change of the product produced indicates the endpoint.
Latex Agglutination test or Latex fixation is a technique in which the antigen from the patient's fluid is mixed with antibody coated latex particles. If antigen-antibody interaction is present, then these latex particles gets agglutinated and large lattices formation is seen due. Due to the sedimentation of these large sized lattices, clumps are formed and are visible to naked eye within few minutes. The advantages of using this technique are quick, consistent, uniform and stable results. However getting false results due to interfering substances is a demerit.
Hence the difference between Immunoassays and Latex agglutination test was analysed.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 42 Solutions
Laboratory Experiments in Microbiology (11th Edition)
- Antibodies can be divided into monoclonal and polyclonal. State the main difference between them. Which type of antibodies is more preferable in routine bioanalysis? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardExplain how labeled antibodies are used in direct and indirect tests.arrow_forwardWhat is an agglutination response? How can it be avoided when blood is transfused?arrow_forward
- Describe an ELISA test to detect the presence of HIV antibodies in a patient.arrow_forwardA person with type A+ blood gets a transfusion with type O- blood. What is most likely to happen to the recipient? A) The recipient's blood will agglutinate (clump) due to the presence of natural antibodies in the recipient's blood. B) Nothing because the donor's blood is compatible with the recipient's blood. C) The recipient's blood will agglutinate (clump) due to the presence of natural antigens on the recipient's blood cells.arrow_forwardDescribe agglutination reaction test used to determine A, B , AB or O blood types. Must explain each agglutination reactions involving A, B, AB and O blood type and all antigens and antibodies involved in each reaction.arrow_forward
- A patient's antibody screen is resulted as positive. What should be done to test units for transfusion? Question 7 options: A) Antigen type the patient's red cells and crossmatch units positive for the same antigens. B) Determine the reacting antibody and crossmatch units negative for the corresponding antigen. C) Crossmatch ABO compatible blood at the immediate spin phase. D) Determine the reacting antibody and confirm that the donor did not have any similar antibodies.arrow_forwardWhy is a hemolytic transfusion reaction considered a type ofhypersensitivity?arrow_forwardWhat is Natural antibodies?arrow_forward
- Based on what you know about the cells of the immune system, do you suspect this patient to have an infection, and if so, what is a probable cause? Choose the best answer and explain. a) Yes, a possible viral infection is indicated. b) Yes, a possible fungal infection is indicated. c) Yes, a possible bacterial infection is indicated. d) No, an infection is not indicated.arrow_forwardIn the complement fixation test (CFT) , Once sRBC has been pipetted into the wells below, please indicate what would be your observation for each duplicate well: Give description of each answer with diagram as above 1) (+ve antibody only) 2) (Complement only) 3) (A/gen+complement) 4) (PBS only)arrow_forwardIn a blood transfusion, if the donor and recipient blood types are not matched correctly, it may result in a: a) Type I hypersensitivity reaction O b) Type II hypersensitivity reaction c) Type III hypersensitivity reaction d) Type IV hypersensitivity reactionarrow_forward
- Human Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage LearningEssentials of Pharmacology for Health ProfessionsNursingISBN:9781305441620Author:WOODROWPublisher:Cengage