LIFE: THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY
LIFE: THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319145125
Author: Sadava
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 41.6, Problem 4R
Summary Introduction

To review:

The experiment, which should be performed to test whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine triggers both, the humoral and the cell-mediated immunity in an individual.

Introduction:

The HIV can cause a severe infection in the human body, which can cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This is a condition, in which the affected individual’s immunity becomes very low. The potential HIV vaccine contains the specific antigens from HIV virus that are detected by the antibodies present in the serum. The serum of an individual in whom the vaccine is injected can be used to test for the humoral and the cell-mediated immune responses against the HIV vaccine.

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✓ Details Draw a protein that is embedded in a membrane (a transmembrane protein), label the lipid bilayer and the protein. Identify the areas of the lipid bilayer that are hydrophobic and hydrophilic. Draw a membrane with two transporters: a proton pump transporter that uses ATP to generate a proton gradient, and a second transporter that moves glucose by secondary active transport (cartoon-like is ok). It will be important to show protons moving in the correct direction, and that the transporter that is powered by secondary active transport is logically related to the proton pump.
drawing chemical structure of ATP. please draw in and label whats asked. Thank you.
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