LIFE: THE SCIENCE OF BIOLOGY
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319145125
Author: Sadava
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 41.2, Problem 1R
Summary Introduction
To review:
The innate defenses that take place when a pathogen lands on the skin.
Introduction:
Innate immune responses can be of two types. The first line of innate responses is the physical barriers, which the pathogen encounters like skin, mucous membranes, and chemicals. The second line of innate immune response is the cell-derived responses and include phagocytosis, complement system response, inflammation, and fever.
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influences of environment on the phenotype.
Chapter 41 Solutions
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