Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The stereoisomers of the given compound (leucine) has to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
Stereoisomers are isomers which have different spatial arrangement in spite of same bond connectivity. Stereoisomers are due to the presence of stereocenter. Stereocenter may be an atom axis (bond) or plane from which interchanging of two groups leads to stereoisomers.
Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises in hydrocarbons if the carbon is bonded to four different groups.
The equation for finding Stereoisomers from number of asymmetric centers in compounds is
Diastereomers are stereoisomers present in a compound which having more than one asymmetric centers, in which they are neither mirror images nor identical. If two stereoisomers are not enantiomers, then they are Diastereomers.
The pair of Enantiomers non-superimposable mirror images of each other.
(b)
Interpretation:
The stereoisomers and diasteromers of the given compound (isoleucine) has to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
Stereoisomers are isomers which have different spatial arrangement in spite of same bond connectivity. Stereoisomers are due to the presence of stereocenter.
Stereoisomers are isomers which have different spatial arrangement in spite of same bond connectivity. Stereoisomers are due to the presence of stereocenter. Stereocenter may be an atom axis (bond) or plane from which interchanging of two groups leads to stereoisomers.
Asymmetric center is a stereocenter which arises to hydrocarbons if the carbon is bonded to four different groups.
The equation for finding Stereoisomers from number of asymmetric centers in compounds is
Diastereomers are stereoisomers present in a compound which having more than one asymmetric centers, in which they are neither mirror images nor identical. If two stereoisomers are not enantiomers, then they are diastereomers.
The pair of enantiomers are non-superimposable mirror images of each other.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Chapter 4 Solutions
Essential Organic Chemistry (3rd Edition)
- To which family of mirror-image isomers do nearly all naturally occurring amino acids belong?arrow_forwardFor the tripeptide GlyAlaCys a. What amino acid is located at the peptides N-terminal end? b. What amino acid is located at the peptides C-terminal end? c. How many peptide bonds are present? d. How many amide linkages are present?arrow_forwardConsider the tripeptide leucylvalyltryptophan. a. Specify its structure using three-letter symbols for the amino acids. b. How many peptide bonds are present within the peptide? c. Which of the amino acid residues has the largest R group? d. Which of the amino acid residues, if any, has a basic side chain?arrow_forward
- 22-91 Which amino acid does not rotate the plane of polarized light?arrow_forwardFor the tripeptide AlaValGly which amino acid residues, if any, a. are hydrophilic b. are hydrophobic c. possess nonpolar R groups d. participate in two amide linkagesarrow_forwardFor the tripeptide SerArgIle which amino acid residues a. are hydrophilic b. are hydrophobic c. possess polar neutral R groups d. participate in two amide linkagesarrow_forward
- Consider the tripeptide tyrosylleucylisoleucine. a. Specify its structure using three-letter symbols for the amino acids. b. How many peptide bonds are present within the peptide? c. Which of the amino acid residues has the largest R group? d. Which of the amino acid residues, if any, has an acidic side chain?arrow_forward22-21 Explain why an amino acid cannot exist in an un-ionized form at any pH.arrow_forward22-104 Why is collagen not a very good source of dietary protein?arrow_forward
- Draw structural formulas for the following amino acids, identify the chiral carbon atom in each one, and circle the four different groups attached to the chiral carbon. a. valine b. glutamate c. asparagine d. cysteinearrow_forwardWhat characteristics indicate that amino acids exist as zwitterions?arrow_forwardGive one example of a conjugated protein that contains the following prosthetic group: a.iron b.lipid c.phosphate group d.carbohydrate e.hemearrow_forward
Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning
General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage Learning
Organic And Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305081079Author:STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)Publisher:Cengage Learning,
Chemistry: Matter and ChangeChemistryISBN:9780078746376Author:Dinah Zike, Laurel Dingrando, Nicholas Hainen, Cheryl WistromPublisher:Glencoe/McGraw-Hill School Pub Co