Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780131495081
Author: Douglas C. Giancoli
Publisher: Addison-Wesley
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Chapter 41, Problem 20P
To determine
The amount of energy released when tritium,
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3. | Consider the nuclear reaction He + Li → B + on. Is energy
absorbed or liberated? How much energy?
(c) Find the mass defect and the resulting nuclear binding energy for the formation of
He-4 as follows:
2H + n ----→ He
The relevant mass values are: H = 1.00783 amu n = 1.00866 amu He = 4.00260 amu
137
(b) The reactor incident in Chernobyl in 1986 was caused by operating errors. The moderator
materials caught fire and radionuclides escaped. Among other things, ¹33Cs with a half-life of
30 years was spread across the entire continent of Europe.
(1) ¹3Cs is a B-emitter. Write down the nuclear reaction for the decay of ¹33Cs, specifying the
N and Z values of the decay products. Note: the element names are not required.
(ii) Describe the processes in the atomic nucleus during ß decay.
137
(iii) Calculate by what percentage the concentration of radioactive ¹33Cs in the soil has
decreased since 1986 (36 years ago).
55
Chapter 41 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics
Ch. 41.2 - Prob. 1AECh. 41.2 - Prob. 1BECh. 41.4 - Prob. 1CECh. 41.8 - Prob. 1DECh. 41.8 - Prob. 1EECh. 41.8 - Prob. 1FECh. 41.8 - Prob. 1GECh. 41 - Prob. 1QCh. 41 - Prob. 2QCh. 41 - Prob. 3Q
Ch. 41 - Prob. 4QCh. 41 - Prob. 5QCh. 41 - How do we know there is such a thing as the strong...Ch. 41 - Prob. 7QCh. 41 - What is the experimental evidence in favor of...Ch. 41 - Prob. 9QCh. 41 - Prob. 10QCh. 41 - Prob. 11QCh. 41 - Prob. 12QCh. 41 - Prob. 13QCh. 41 - Prob. 14QCh. 41 - Prob. 15QCh. 41 - When a nucleus undergoes either or + decay, what...Ch. 41 - Prob. 17QCh. 41 - Prob. 18QCh. 41 - Prob. 19QCh. 41 - Prob. 20QCh. 41 - An isotope has a half-life of one month. After two...Ch. 41 - Prob. 22QCh. 41 - Prob. 23QCh. 41 - Prob. 24QCh. 41 - Prob. 25QCh. 41 - Prob. 26QCh. 41 - Prob. 27QCh. 41 - Prob. 28QCh. 41 - Prob. 1PCh. 41 - Prob. 2PCh. 41 - Prob. 3PCh. 41 - Prob. 4PCh. 41 - Prob. 5PCh. 41 - Prob. 6PCh. 41 - Prob. 7PCh. 41 - Prob. 8PCh. 41 - Prob. 9PCh. 41 - Prob. 10PCh. 41 - Prob. 11PCh. 41 - Prob. 12PCh. 41 - Prob. 13PCh. 41 - Prob. 14PCh. 41 - Prob. 15PCh. 41 - Prob. 16PCh. 41 - Prob. 17PCh. 41 - Prob. 18PCh. 41 - Prob. 19PCh. 41 - Prob. 20PCh. 41 - Prob. 21PCh. 41 - Prob. 22PCh. 41 - Prob. 23PCh. 41 - Prob. 24PCh. 41 - Prob. 25PCh. 41 - Prob. 26PCh. 41 - Prob. 27PCh. 41 - Prob. 28PCh. 41 - Prob. 29PCh. 41 - Prob. 30PCh. 41 - Prob. 31PCh. 41 - Prob. 32PCh. 41 - Prob. 33PCh. 41 - Prob. 34PCh. 41 - Prob. 35PCh. 41 - Prob. 36PCh. 41 - Prob. 37PCh. 41 - Prob. 38PCh. 41 - Prob. 39PCh. 41 - Prob. 40PCh. 41 - Prob. 41PCh. 41 - Prob. 42PCh. 41 - Prob. 43PCh. 41 - Prob. 44PCh. 41 - Prob. 45PCh. 41 - Prob. 46PCh. 41 - Prob. 47PCh. 41 - Prob. 48PCh. 41 - Prob. 49PCh. 41 - Prob. 50PCh. 41 - Prob. 51PCh. 41 - Prob. 52PCh. 41 - Prob. 53PCh. 41 - Prob. 54PCh. 41 - Prob. 55PCh. 41 - Prob. 56PCh. 41 - (II) The activity of a radioactive source...Ch. 41 - Prob. 58PCh. 41 - Prob. 59PCh. 41 - Prob. 60PCh. 41 - Prob. 61PCh. 41 - Prob. 62GPCh. 41 - Prob. 63GPCh. 41 - Prob. 64GPCh. 41 - Prob. 65GPCh. 41 - Prob. 66GPCh. 41 - Prob. 67GPCh. 41 - Prob. 68GPCh. 41 - Prob. 69GPCh. 41 - Prob. 70GPCh. 41 - Prob. 71GPCh. 41 - Prob. 72GPCh. 41 - Prob. 73GPCh. 41 - Prob. 74GPCh. 41 - Prob. 75GPCh. 41 - Prob. 76GPCh. 41 - Prob. 77GPCh. 41 - Prob. 78GPCh. 41 - Prob. 79GPCh. 41 - Prob. 80GPCh. 41 - (a) A 72-gram sample of natural carbon contains...Ch. 41 - Prob. 82GPCh. 41 - Prob. 83GPCh. 41 - Prob. 84GPCh. 41 - Almost all of naturally occurring uranium is...Ch. 41 - Prob. 86GPCh. 41 - Prob. 87GPCh. 41 - Prob. 88GPCh. 41 - Prob. 89GPCh. 41 - Prob. 90GP
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- (a) Find the total energy released in MeV in each carbon cycle (elaborated in the above problem) including the annihilation energy. (b) How does this compare with the protonproton cycle output?arrow_forward(a) How many 239Pu nuclei must fission to produce a 20.0kT yield, assuming 200 MeV per fission? (b) What is the mass of this much 239Pu?arrow_forwardVerify that the total number of nucleons, total charge, and electron family number are conserved for each of the fusion reactions in the carbon cycle given in the above problem. (List the value of each of the conserved quantifies before and after each of the reactions.)arrow_forward
- Why can heavy nuclei with odd numbers of neutrons be induced to fission with thermal neutrons, whereas those with even numbers of neutrons require more energy input to induce fission?arrow_forwardConfirm that each at the reactions listed for plutonium breeding just following Example 32.4 conserves the total number of nucleons, the total charge, and electron family number.arrow_forward(a) Neutron activation of sodium, which is 100% 23Na, produces 24Na, which is used in some heart scans, as seen in Table 32.1. The equation for the reaction is 23Na+n24Na+ . Find its energy output, given the mass of 24Na is 23.990962 u. (b) What mass at 24Na produces the needed 5.0mCi activity, given its halflife is 15.0 h?arrow_forward
- Check Your Understanding If the binding energy per nucleon is large, does this make it harder easier to strip off a nucleon from a nucleus?arrow_forward(Answer in MeV) Question in imagearrow_forward(ii) The decay of U238 to Th234 by alpha emission is given by: 238 U → → 234Th + He 92 90 Calculate the energy released in this decay. (Note: the atomic mass of uranium is 238.0508 u, thorium is 234.0436 u and helium is 4.0026 u).arrow_forward
- (c) (i) The artificial radioactive isotope of hydrogen H, called tritium, has a half life of 12.33 years. Assuming that the atomic mass of tritium is 3 u, estimate the activity of a 2 mg sample of this isotope. (Note: take the value of u (atomic mass unit) to be 1.6606 x 10-27 kg).arrow_forward(b) An old campfire is uncovered during an archaeological dig. Its charcoal is found to containless than 1/200 the normal amount of 14C. Estimate the minimum age of the charcoal (in years).Assume half life of 14C is 5730 years.arrow_forward(b) Assume the binding energy of O-16 nucleus is 128 MeV while that of O-17 is 132 MeV. Calculate the energy required to separate a neutron from the nucleus O-17.arrow_forward
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