Concept explainers
The Earth's orbit around the Sun is elliptical (oval shaped). However, the elongation is small, and for our discussion here, we take the orbit to be circular with a radius of approximately
a. Find the linear speed (in mph) of the Earth through its orbit around the Sun. Round to the nearest hundred miles per hour.
b. How far does the Earth travel in its orbit in one day? Round to the nearest thousand miles.
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- Total marks 15 4. : Let f R2 R be defined by f(x1, x2) = 2x²- 8x1x2+4x+2. Find all local minima of f on R². [10 Marks] (ii) Give an example of a function f R2 R which is neither bounded below nor bounded above, and has no critical point. Justify briefly your answer. [5 Marks]arrow_forward4. Let F RNR be a mapping. (i) x ЄRN ? (ii) : What does it mean to say that F is differentiable at a point [1 Mark] In Theorem 5.4 in the Lecture Notes we proved that if F is differentiable at a point x E RN then F is continuous at x. Proof. Let (n) CRN be a sequence such that xn → x ЄERN as n → ∞. We want to show that F(xn) F(x), which means F is continuous at x. Denote hnxn - x, so that ||hn|| 0. Thus we find ||F(xn) − F(x)|| = ||F(x + hn) − F(x)|| * ||DF (x)hn + R(hn) || (**) ||DF(x)hn||+||R(hn)||| → 0, because the linear mapping DF(x) is continuous and for all large nЄ N, (***) ||R(hn) || ||R(hn) || ≤ → 0. ||hn|| (a) Explain in details why ||hn|| → 0. [3 Marks] (b) Explain the steps labelled (*), (**), (***). [6 Marks]arrow_forward4. In Theorem 5.4 in the Lecture Notes we proved that if F: RN → Rm is differentiable at x = RN then F is continuous at x. Proof. Let (xn) CRN be a sequence such that x → x Є RN as n → ∞. We want F(x), which means F is continuous at x. to show that F(xn) Denote hn xnx, so that ||hn||| 0. Thus we find ||F (xn) − F(x) || (*) ||F(x + hn) − F(x)|| = ||DF(x)hn + R(hn)|| (**) ||DF(x)hn|| + ||R(hn) || → 0, because the linear mapping DF(x) is continuous and for all large n = N, |||R(hn) || ≤ (***) ||R(hn)|| ||hn|| → 0. Explain the steps labelled (*), (**), (***) [6 Marks] (ii) Give an example of a function F: RR such that F is contin- Total marks 10 uous at x=0 but F is not differentiable at at x = 0. [4 Marks]arrow_forward
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- 1. (i) which are not. Identify which of the following subsets of R2 are open and (a) A = (1, 3) x (1,2) (b) B = (1,3) x {1,2} (c) C = AUB (ii) Provide a sketch and a brief explanation to each of your answers. [6 Marks] Give an example of a bounded set in R2 which is not open. (iii) [2 Marks] Give an example of an open set in R2 which is not bounded. [2 Marks]arrow_forward2. if limit. Recall that a sequence (x(n)) CR2 converges to the limit x = R² lim ||x(n)x|| = 0. 818 - (i) Prove that a convergent sequence (x(n)) has at most one [4 Marks] (ii) Give an example of a bounded sequence (x(n)) CR2 that has no limit and has accumulation points (1, 0) and (0, 1) [3 Marks] (iii) Give an example of a sequence (x(n))neN CR2 which is located on the hyperbola x2 1/x1, contains infinitely many different Total marks 10 points and converges to the limit x = (2, 1/2). [3 Marks]arrow_forward3. (i) Consider a mapping F: RN Rm. Explain in your own words the relationship between the existence of all partial derivatives of F and dif- ferentiability of F at a point x = RN. (ii) [3 Marks] Calculate the gradient of the following function f: R2 → R, f(x) = ||x||3, Total marks 10 where ||x|| = √√√x² + x/2. [7 Marks]arrow_forward
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