Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780357093795
Author: STARR
Publisher: CENGAGE LEARNING (CUSTOM)
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Chapter 40, Problem 9SQ
Summary Introduction

Introduction: Urine formation starts when glomerular filtration delivers protein-free of plasma into a kidney tubule. Most of the water and solutes return to the blood by the tubular reabsorption machinery. Substances that are not reabsorbed, and which are added to the filtrate by the tubular secretion, end up in the urine. The kidney contributes to the acid-base balance by adjusting the tubular reabsorption of bicarbonate and tubular secretion of H+.

A decline in pH causes an increase in the bicarbonate reabsorption. The bicarbonate moves into peritubular capillaries, where it buffers the excess acid.

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The metabolic pathway below is used for the production of the purine nucleotides adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and guanosine monophosphate (GMP) in eukaryotic cells. Assume each arrow represents a reaction catalyzed by a different enzyme. Using the principles of feedback inhibition, propose a regulatory scheme for this pathway that ensures an adequate supply of both AMP and GMP, and prevents the buildup of Intermediates A through G when supplies of both AMP and GMP are adequate.
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