Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781337553292
Author: Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 40, Problem 32AP
To determine
To show that if
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Prove that assuming n = 0 for a quantum particle in an infinitely deep potential well leads to a violation of the uncertainty principle Δpx Δx ≥ h/2.
An electron (m = 9.109*10^-31 kg) is confined in a one-dimensional infinite square well of width L = 10 nm.
determine uncertainity in velocity
∆E ∆t ≥ ħTime is a parameter, not an observable. ∆t is some timescale over which the expectation value of an operator changes. For example, an electron's angular momentum in a hydrogen atom decays from 2p to 1s. These decays are relativistic, however the uncertainty principle is still valid, and we can use it to estimate uncertainties.
∆E doesn't change in time, so when an excited state decays to the ground state (infinite lifetime, so no energy uncertainty), the energy uncertainty has to go somewhere. Usually, it’s in the frequency of a photon giving a width (through E = hν) to the transition line in an spectroscopy experiment. The linewidth of the 2p state in 9Be+ is 19.4 MHz. What is its lifetime? (Note: in the relativistic atom–photon system, the Hamiltonian is independent of time and both energy and its uncertainty are conserved.)
Chapter 40 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics
Ch. 40.1 - Prob. 40.1QQCh. 40.2 - Prob. 40.2QQCh. 40.2 - Prob. 40.3QQCh. 40.5 - Prob. 40.4QQCh. 40 - Prob. 1PCh. 40 - Prob. 2PCh. 40 - Prob. 3PCh. 40 - Prob. 4PCh. 40 - Prob. 5PCh. 40 - Prob. 6P
Ch. 40 - Prob. 7PCh. 40 - Prob. 9PCh. 40 - Prob. 10PCh. 40 - Prob. 11PCh. 40 - Prob. 12PCh. 40 - Prob. 13PCh. 40 - Prob. 14PCh. 40 - Prob. 15PCh. 40 - Prob. 16PCh. 40 - Prob. 17PCh. 40 - Prob. 18PCh. 40 - Prob. 19PCh. 40 - Prob. 20PCh. 40 - Prob. 21PCh. 40 - Prob. 23PCh. 40 - Prob. 24PCh. 40 - Prob. 25PCh. 40 - Prob. 26PCh. 40 - Prob. 27PCh. 40 - Prob. 28PCh. 40 - Prob. 29PCh. 40 - Two particles with masses m1 and m2 are joined by...Ch. 40 - Prob. 31APCh. 40 - Prob. 32APCh. 40 - Prob. 33APCh. 40 - Prob. 34APCh. 40 - Prob. 36APCh. 40 - Prob. 37APCh. 40 - Prob. 38APCh. 40 - Prob. 39APCh. 40 - Prob. 40APCh. 40 - Prob. 41APCh. 40 - Prob. 42APCh. 40 - Prob. 44CPCh. 40 - Prob. 46CPCh. 40 - Prob. 47CP
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- We are going to use Heisenberg's uncertainty principle to estimate the ground- state energy of hydrogen. In our model, the electron is confined in a one- dimensional well with a length about the size of hydrogen, so that Ax = 0.0529 nm. Estimate Ap, and then assume that the ground-state energy is roughly Ap2/2me. (Give your answer in Joules or electron-volts.)arrow_forwardA quantum particle in an infinitely deep square well has a wave function given by ψ2(x) = √2/L sin (2πx/L)for 0 ≤ x ≤ L and zero otherwise. (a) Determine the expectation value of x. (b) Determine the probability of finding the particle near 1/2 L by calculating the probability that the particle lies in the range 0.490L ≤ x ≤ 0.510L. (c) What If? Determine the probability of finding the particle near 1/4L bycalculating the probability that the particle lies in the range 0.240L ≤ x ≤ 0.260L. (d) Argue that the result of part (a)does not contradict the results of parts (b) and (c).arrow_forward∆E ∆t ≥ ħTime is a parameter, not an observable. ∆t is some timescale over which the expectation value of an operator changes. For example, an electron's angular momentum in a hydrogen atom decays from 2p to 1s. These decays are relativistic, however the uncertainty principle is still valid, and we can use it to estimate uncertainties. When heavy particles are made in colliders, they typically decay, which gives a linewidth to their measured mass via the uncertainty in energy. The ∆ particle lives very briefly (often called resonances instead of particles), and its lifetime is 5.58 x 10-24 s. Its mass is 1.232 GeV/c2. Predict the width of its energy resonance in MeV.arrow_forward
- An electron is trapped in a one-dimensional infinite potential well that is 460 pm wide; the electron is in its ground state. What is the probability that you can detect the electron in an interval of width δx = 5.0 pm centered at x = 300 pm? (Hint: The interval δx is so narrow that you can take the probability density to be constant within it.)arrow_forwardAn electron is confined to move in the xy plane in a rectangle whose dimensions are Lx and Ly. That is, the electron is trapped in a two dimensional potential well having lengths of Lx and Ly. In this situation, the allowed energies of the electron depend on the quant numbers Nx and Ny, the allowed energies are given by E = H^2/8Me ( Nx^2/ Lx^2 + Ny^2/Ly^2) i) assuming Lx and Ly =L. Find the energies of the lowest for all energy levels of the electron ii) construct an energy level diagram for the electron and determine the energy difference between the second exited state and the ground state?arrow_forwardShow that the uncertainty principle can be expressed in the form ∆L ∆θ ≥ h/2, where θ is the angle and L the angular momentum. For what uncertainty in L will the angular position of a particle be completely undetermined?arrow_forward
- Calculate the uncertainty ArAp, with respect to the state 1 1 r -r/2ªY₁0(0,0), √√6 a 2a0 and verify that ArAp, satisfies the Heisenberg uncertainty principle. V2.1.0 (F)= 3/2arrow_forwardAn electron is trapped in a one-dimensional infinite potential well. For what (a) higher quantum number and (b) lower quantum number is the corresponding energy difference equal to the energy difference E43 between the levels n = 4 and n = 3? (c) Show that no pair of adjacent levels has an energy difference equal to 2E43.arrow_forwardAn electron confined to a one-dimensional box of length is in its third energy state. What is the probability of finding the electron in the region x = 0 to x = {/4?|arrow_forward
- An electron is in an infinite potential well of width 364 pm, and is in the normalised superposition state Ψ=cos(θ) ψ5-sin(θ) i ψ8. If the value of θ is -1.03 radians, what is the expectation value of energy, in eV, of the electron?arrow_forwardAn electron (m = 9.109*10^-31 kg) is confined in a one-dimensional infinite square well of width L = 10 nm. define uncertainity in momentumarrow_forwardA particle of mass m is confined to a box of width L. If the particle is in the first excited state, what are the probabilities of finding the particle in a region of width0.020 L around the given point x: (a) x=0.25L; (b) x=040L; (c) 0.75L and (d) x=0.90L.arrow_forward
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