Biological Science (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780321976499
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Emily Taylor, Greg Podgorski, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 40, Problem 15PIAT
Summary Introduction
To review:
Correctness and incorrectness of the statement “Water moves by osmosis across a fish’s gills to an area with a higher sodium ion concentration because water molecules are attracted to the sodium ions.”
Introduction:
The osmosis is the process in which water molecules move from the region of low concentration to the region of high concentration through a semipermeable membrane.
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Information: Osmotic pressure is the pressure that a solvent exerts against a semipermeable membrane, such as a cell membrane. The higher the solute concentration, the lower the osmotic pressure. Red blood cells have an osmotic pressure equal to that of a 0.90% (m/v) solution of sodium chloride and 5.0% (m/v) solution of dextrose. A solution that has a higher concentration that this is called hypertonic; one with a lower concentration is called hypotonic. Osmotic pressure is an important factor affecting cells. Osmoregulation is the homeostasis mechanism of an organism to reach balance in osmotic pressure.Hypertonicity is the presence of a solution that causes cells to shrink.Hypotonicity is the presence of a solution that causes cells to swell.Isotonicity is the presence of a solution that produces no change in cell volume.When a biological cell is in a hypotonic environment, the cell interior accumulates water, water flows across the cell membrane into the cell, causing it to…
Some animals are osmoconformers, meaning that they maintain the tonicity/osmolarity of their body fluids equal to that of the external environment. Hydroids, a type of cnidarian, are osmoconformers. But they don't move and thus are adapted to the environment they live in. A) What would happen if you take a marine hydroid and transfer it into a freshwater aquarium? B) What would happen if you take a freshwater hydroid and transfer it into a saltwater aquarium? C) Sharks are extraordinary osmoconformers. Bull sharks store urea in their tissues and use it to match the tonicity of their tissues to that of the surrounding environment. Some sharks can move from saltwater to freshwater, hypothesize what changes will sharks do in order to adjust when moving from saltwater to freshwater and vice versa. Explain your answer in terms of tonicity and specify the direction of water movement and urea concentration.
describe the following body transports systems:
Active (Primary)
Passive (diffusion- simple, faciliated)
Hydrostatic forces
Osmotic forces
osmosis
Chapter 40 Solutions
Biological Science (6th Edition)
Ch. 40 - 1. Which of the following statements is true of...Ch. 40 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 40 - 3. What effect does antidiuretic hormone (ADH)...Ch. 40 - Fill in the blank: In Gila monsters, the organ in...Ch. 40 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 40 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 40 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 40 - 8. Scientists have noted that marine invertebrates...Ch. 40 - Prob. 9TYPSSCh. 40 - Prob. 10TYPSS
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- ヨ LL F A B C D Match the letters to the appropriate terms to complete the sentences. Terms can be used more than once. 1. The ideal osmotic environment for an animal cell is a(n) environment. A 2. An animal cell placed in a(n) possibly burst. B solution will gain water, swell, and 3. There is a net diffusion of water out of an animal cell when it is placed in a(n) solution. 4. The ideal osmotic environment for a plant cell is a(n) D environment. 5. A plant cell placed in a(n) E solution will lose water and plasmolyze. 6. A plant cell surrounded by a(n) F solution will be flaccid (limp). ✓ [ Choose ] Hypertonic Hypotonic Isotonic [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ]arrow_forwardIn an investigation of osmosis, apple cores were submerged in different molarity solutions to determine the unknown osmolarity of the apple. To determine the molarity five uniform apple cores were massed before submerging them in different molarity solutions. After 24 hours the apple cores were massed again. Then the percent change in mass was determined for the five uniform apple cores in each molarity solution. Molarity of Solution Average % Change of Mass of Apple Cores 0.0 M 21.5 0.2 M 8.0 0.4 M -7.4 0.6 M -19.2 0.8 M -22.7 1.0 M -36.3 (b) Identify the osmolarity of the apple. (c) Describe the environmental conditions taking place in each of the six solutions with the apples.arrow_forwardWhich of the following transport proteins generates potential energy that can be used for the transport of unrelated compounds by other transport proteins? K ion channels Na ion channels Na/K ATPase Aquaporinsarrow_forward
- Topic:Excretion in animals Distinguish isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic solution from one another relative to an animal’s intracellular fluid.arrow_forwardCreate a diagram that demonstrates the difference between tonicity and osmolarity. Be sure to label the new solutions in each condition, draw the changes (if predicted) in cell shape/volume, and use arrows to show the movement of water relative to the cell. Please start with a red blood cell in an isosmotic solution and show what happens to cell shape and water movement when NaCl is added to the solution, or when water is added.arrow_forwardDiffusion and osmosis classification Classify the following characteristics based on whether they are describing diffusion, osmosis, or both. Diffusion Results in an Can occur with equal distribution of solute molecules or without a membrane Always involves the movement of water Requires a semi-permeable membrane Osmosis Involves the movement of gases, ions, and small water soluble molecules Passive form of movement that requires no energy Moves from areas of high concentration to low Both Diffusion and Osmosis Responsible for gas exchange in the lungs concentration A 3 of 15 Next > Cation to open the document "Epicinstaller-13.0.0-fortnite-a8e4f12cada646caa706d8be407be69f (3).msi". tv 22arrow_forward
- Identify (state whether each item is an example of diffusion, osmosis, filtration, or active transport) 1. Movement of water from an area of lower impermeant solute concentration to an area of higher impermeant solute concentration. 2. Dye particles spread evenly through water. 3. Starch particles pass through a paper membrane. 4. A cell uses energy to "pump" sugar molecules from its external environment. 5. Water in cell moves out into a concentrated salt solution bathing the cell.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is CORRECT in describing the nature of water channels? Group of answer choices It is a channel for the transport of any liquid medium. It is a non-gated channel. It is a channel that can facilitate the transport of sodium ions. It is a channel for active transport.arrow_forward10) Osmoregulation refers to the ability of an organism to maintain homeostasis with respect to the solute concentration of their bodies. Euryhaline fish are able to live in both fresh water and salt water at different points of their life. In order to osmoregulate in both environments, one physiological change that occurs in these fish is the direction in which they actively transport ions across their gills. a) In what direction are ions actively transported across the gills of euryhaline fish when they are in freshwater versus salt water? In freshwater: (into body or out of body) In salt water: (into body or out of body) b) Briefly explain why active transport is required in these cases. 121 11) The table below compares and contrasts carrier protein pumps with clathrin-dependent receptor-mediated endocytosis. Fill in the empty spaces of the table with the appropriate ans Clathrin- Carrier protein dependent receptor mediated endocytosis pump Involvement of multiple types of proteins?…arrow_forward
- Countercurrent exchange in the fish gill helps to maximise [Blank]. Question 20 options: diffusion osmosis active transport blood pressurearrow_forwardPassive transport: What are they and examples for each 1. Mechanical 2. Voltage 3. Ligand:arrow_forwardIn an investigation of osmosis, apple cores were submerged in different molarity solutions to determine the unknown osmolarity of the apple. To determine the molarity five uniform apple cores were massed before submerging them in different molarity solutions. After 24 hours the apple cores were massed again. Then the percent change in mass was determined for the five uniform apple cores in each molarity solution. (b) Identify the osmolarity of the apple.arrow_forward
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