Study Guide for Chemistry: The Central Science
13th Edition
ISBN: 9780321949288
Author: Theodore E. Brown, James C. Hill
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 77E
As shown here, one type of computer keyboard cleaner contains liquefied 1, 1-difluoroethane (C2H4F2), which is a gas at atmospheric pressure. When the nozzle is squeezed, the 1, 1-difluroenthane vaporizes out of the nozzle at high pressure, blowing dust out objects.
- Based on your experience, is the vaporization a spontaneous process at room temperature?
- Defining the 1.1-difluoroethane as the system, do you expect qsys for the process to be positive or negative
- Predict whether ΔS is positive or negative for this process.
- Given your answer to (a), (b), and (c), do you think the operation of this product depends more on enthalpy or entropy? [Sections 19.1 and 19.2]
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
Strain Energy for Alkanes
Interaction / Compound kJ/mol kcal/mol
H: H eclipsing
4.0
1.0
H: CH3 eclipsing
5.8
1.4
CH3 CH3 eclipsing
11.0
2.6
gauche butane
3.8
0.9
cyclopropane
115
27.5
cyclobutane
110
26.3
cyclopentane
26.0
6.2
cycloheptane
26.2
6.3
cyclooctane
40.5
9.7
(Calculate your answer to the nearest 0.1 energy unit, and be sure to specify units, kJ/mol or kcal/mol. The answer is case
sensitive.)
H.
H
Previous
Next
A certain half-reaction has a standard reduction potential Ered +1.26 V. An engineer proposes using this half-reaction at the anode of a galvanic cell that
must provide at least 1.10 V of electrical power. The cell will operate under standard conditions.
Note for advanced students: assume the engineer requires this half-reaction to happen at the anode of the cell.
Is there a minimum standard reduction
potential that the half-reaction used at
the cathode of this cell can have?
If so, check the "yes" box and calculate
the minimum. Round your answer to 2
decimal places. If there is no lower
limit, check the "no" box..
Is there a maximum standard reduction
potential that the half-reaction used at
the cathode of this cell can have?
If so, check the "yes" box and calculate
the maximum. Round your answer to 2
decimal places. If there is no upper
limit, check the "no" box.
yes, there is a minimum.
1
red
Πν
no minimum
Oyes, there is a maximum.
0
E
red
Dv
By using the information in the ALEKS…
In statistical thermodynamics, check the
hcv
following equality: ß Aɛ =
KT
Chapter 4 Solutions
Study Guide for Chemistry: The Central Science
Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.1.1PECh. 4.1 - How are the boundaries between the regions of the...Ch. 4.2 - Air pollution in the Mexico City metropolitan area...Ch. 4.2 - Prob. 4.2.2PECh. 4.2 - Prob. 4.3.1PECh. 4.2 - Prob. 4.3.2PECh. 4.2 - Prob. 4.4.1PECh. 4.2 - Prob. 4.4.2PECh. 4.3 - Distinguish between photodissociation and...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 4.5.2PE
Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 4.6.1PECh. 4.3 - Prob. 4.6.2PECh. 4.3 - Do the reactions involved in ozone depletion...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 4.7.2PECh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.8.1PECh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.8.2PECh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.9.1PECh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.9.2PECh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.10.1PECh. 4.4 - Prob. 4.10.2PECh. 4.5 - Practice Exercise 2 The bond energy in N2 is 941...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 4.11.2PECh. 4.5 - Prob. 4.12.1PECh. 4.5 - Prob. 4.12.2PECh. 4.5 - Prob. 4.13.1PECh. 4.5 - Prob. 4.13.2PECh. 4.5 - The figure shows the three lowest regions of...Ch. 4.5 - Prob. 4.14.2PECh. 4.6 - Where does the energy come from to evaporate the...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 4.15.2PECh. 4.6 - Prob. 4.16.1PECh. 4.6 - The first stage of treatment at the reverse...Ch. 4.6 - Prob. 4.17.1PECh. 4.6 - Prob. 4.17.2PECh. 4 - Prob. 1DECh. 4 - Prob. 1ECh. 4 - Prob. 2ECh. 4 - Prob. 3ECh. 4 - Prob. 4ECh. 4 - Prob. 5ECh. 4 - Prob. 6ECh. 4 - Which of the following ions will always be a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 8ECh. 4 - Prob. 9ECh. 4 - Prob. 10ECh. 4 - Prob. 11ECh. 4 - List the common products formed when an organic...Ch. 4 - Prob. 13ECh. 4 - Prob. 14ECh. 4 - Prob. 15ECh. 4 - Prob. 16ECh. 4 - Prob. 17ECh. 4 - Prob. 18ECh. 4 - Prob. 19ECh. 4 - Prob. 20ECh. 4 - Prob. 21ECh. 4 - Prob. 22ECh. 4 - Prob. 23ECh. 4 - Prob. 24ECh. 4 - Prob. 25ECh. 4 - Prob. 26ECh. 4 - Prob. 27ECh. 4 - Prob. 28ECh. 4 - Prob. 29ECh. 4 - Explain, using Le Châtelier’s principle, why the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 31ECh. 4 - Prob. 32ECh. 4 - Prob. 33ECh. 4 - Prob. 34ECh. 4 - Prob. 35ECh. 4 - Prob. 36ECh. 4 - Prob. 37ECh. 4 - Prob. 38ECh. 4 - Prob. 39ECh. 4 - Prob. 40ECh. 4 - Prob. 41ECh. 4 - Prob. 42ECh. 4 - Prob. 43ECh. 4 - Prob. 44ECh. 4 - Prob. 45ECh. 4 - 18.85 The main reason that distillation is a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 47ECh. 4 - Prob. 48ECh. 4 - Prob. 49ECh. 4 - Prob. 50ECh. 4 - Prob. 51ECh. 4 - Prob. 52ECh. 4 - The process of iron being oxidized to make iron...Ch. 4 - At 1 atm pressure, CO2(s) sublimes at 78oC. Is...Ch. 4 - Prob. 55ECh. 4 - Prob. 56ECh. 4 - Prob. 57ECh. 4 - Prob. 58ECh. 4 - Prob. 59ECh. 4 - Prob. 60ECh. 4 - Using the standard molar entropies in Appendix C,...Ch. 4 - Which of these statements is true? All spontaneous...Ch. 4 - Prob. 63ECh. 4 - Prob. 64ECh. 4 - Prob. 65ECh. 4 - Prob. 66ECh. 4 - Prob. 67ECh. 4 - What is the temperature above which the Haber...Ch. 4 - Prob. 69ECh. 4 - Prob. 70ECh. 4 - Prob. 71ECh. 4 - Prob. 72ECh. 4 - Prob. 73ECh. 4 - Prob. 74ECh. 4 - Prob. 75ECh. 4 - Prob. 76ECh. 4 - As shown here, one type of computer keyboard...Ch. 4 - 19.3
a. What are the signs of ΔS and ΔH for the...Ch. 4 - Predict the signs of H and S for this reaction....Ch. 4 - Prob. 80ECh. 4 - The accompanying diagram shows how H (red line)...Ch. 4 - Prob. 82ECh. 4 - Prob. 83ECh. 4 - Prob. 84ECh. 4 - Prob. 85ECh. 4 - Prob. 86ECh. 4 - Prob. 87ECh. 4 - Can endothermic chemical reaction be spontaneous?...Ch. 4 - Prob. 89ECh. 4 - Prob. 90ECh. 4 - Prob. 91AECh. 4 - Prob. 92AECh. 4 - Prob. 93AECh. 4 - Prob. 94AECh. 4 - Prob. 95AECh. 4 - Prob. 96AECh. 4 - Prob. 97AECh. 4 - Prob. 98AECh. 4 - Prob. 99AECh. 4 - Prob. 100AECh. 4 - Prob. 101AECh. 4 - Prob. 102AECh. 4 - Prob. 103AECh. 4 - Alcohol-based fuels for automobiles lead to the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 105IECh. 4 - Prob. 106IECh. 4 - Prob. 107IECh. 4 - Prob. 108IECh. 4 - Prob. 109IECh. 4 - Prob. 110IECh. 4 - Prob. 111IECh. 4 - Prob. 112IECh. 4 - Although there are many ions in seawater, the...Ch. 4 - The Ogallala aquifer described in the Close Look...Ch. 4 - Prob. 115IE
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Please correct answer and don't used hand raitingarrow_forwardPlease correct answer and don't used hand raitingarrow_forward(11pts total) Consider the arrows pointing at three different carbon-carbon bonds in the molecule depicted below. Bond B Bond A Bond C a. (2pts) Which bond between A-C is weakest? Which is strongest? Place answers in appropriate boxes. Weakest Bond Strongest Bond b. (4pts) Consider the relative stability of all cleavage products that form when bonds A, B, AND C are homolytically cleaved/broken. Hint: cleavage products of bonds A, B, and C are all carbon radicals. i. Which ONE cleavage product is the most stable? A condensed or bond line representation is fine. ii. Which ONE cleavage product is the least stable? A condensed or bond line representation is fine. c. (5pts) Use principles discussed in lecture, supported by relevant structures, to succinctly explain the why your part b (i) radical is more stable than your part b(ii) radical. Written explanation can be no more than one-two succinct sentence(s)!arrow_forward
- . 3°C with TH 12. (10pts total) Provide the major product for each reaction depicted below. If no reaction occurs write NR. Assume heat dissipation is carefully controlled in the fluorine reaction. 3H 24 total (30) 24 21 2h • 6H total ● 8H total 34 래 Br2 hv major product will be most Substituted 12 hv Br NR I too weak of a participate in P-1 F₂ hv Statistically most favored product will be major = most subst = thermo favored hydrogen atom abstractor to LL Farrow_forwardFive chemistry project topic that does not involve practicalarrow_forwardPlease correct answer and don't used hand raitingarrow_forward
- Q2. Consider the hydrogenation of ethylene C2H4 + H2 = C2H6 The heats of combustion and molar entropies for the three gases at 298 K are given by: C2H4 C2H6 H2 AH comb/kJ mol¹ -1395 -1550 -243 Sº / J K¹ mol-1 220.7 230.4 131.1 The average heat capacity change, ACP, for the reaction over the temperature range 298-1000 K is 10.9 J K¹ mol¹. Using these data, determine: (a) the standard enthalpy change at 800 K (b) the standard entropy change at 800 K (c) the equilibrium constant at 800 K.arrow_forward13. (11pts total) Consider the arrows pointing at three different carbon-carbon bonds in the molecule depicted below. Bond B Bond A Bond C a. (2pts) Which bond between A-C is weakest? Which is strongest? Place answers in appropriate boxes. Weakest Bond Strongest Bond b. (4pts) Consider the relative stability of all cleavage products that form when bonds A, B, AND C are homolytically cleaved/broken. Hint: cleavage products of bonds A, B, and C are all carbon radicals. i. Which ONE cleavage product is the most stable? A condensed or bond line representation is fine. ii. Which ONE cleavage product is the least stable? A condensed or bond line representation is fine. c. (5pts) Use principles discussed in lecture, supported by relevant structures, to succinctly explain the why your part b (i) radical is more stable than your part b(ii) radical. Written explanation can be no more than one-two succinct sentence(s)! Googlearrow_forwardPrint Last Name, First Name Initial Statifically more chances to abstract one of these 6H 11. (10pts total) Consider the radical chlorination of 1,3-diethylcyclohexane depicted below. 4 4th total • 6H total 래 • 4H total 21 total ZH 2H Statistical H < 3° C-H weakest - product abstraction here bund leads to thermo favored a) (6pts) How many unique mono-chlorinated products can be formed and what are the structures for the thermodynamically and statistically favored products? Product 6 Number of Unique Mono-Chlorinated Products Thermodynamically Favored Product Statistically Favored Product b) (4pts) Draw the arrow pushing mechanism for the FIRST propagation step (p-1) for the formation of the thermodynamically favored product. Only draw the p-1 step. You do not need to include lone pairs of electrons. No enthalpy calculation necessary H H-Cl Waterfoxarrow_forward
- 10. (5pts) Provide the complete arrow pushing mechanism for the chemical transformation → depicted below Use proper curved arrow notation that explicitly illustrates all bonds being broken, and all bonds formed in the transformation. Also, be sure to include all lone pairs and formal charges on all atoms involved in the flow of electrons. CH3O II HA H CH3O-H H ①arrow_forwardDo the Lone Pairs get added bc its valence e's are a total of 6 for oxygen and that completes it or due to other reasons. How do we know the particular indication of such.arrow_forwardNGLISH b) Identify the bonds present in the molecule drawn (s) above. (break) State the function of the following equipments found in laboratory. Omka) a) Gas mask b) Fire extinguisher c) Safety glasses 4. 60cm³ of oxygen gas diffused through a porous hole in 50 seconds. How long w 80cm³ of sulphur(IV) oxide to diffuse through the same hole under the same conditions (S-32.0.0-16.0) (3 m 5. In an experiment, a piece of magnesium ribbon was cleaned with steel w clean magnesium ribbon was placed in a crucible and completely burnt in oxy cooling the product weighed 4.0g a) Explain why it is necessary to clean magnesium ribbon. Masterclass Holiday assignmen PB 2arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Principles of Modern ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305079113Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. ButlerPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)ChemistryISBN:9781938168390Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark BlaserPublisher:OpenStax
Chemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Modern Chemistry
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079113
Author:David W. Oxtoby, H. Pat Gillis, Laurie J. Butler
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305960060
Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. Hansen
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Chemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)
Chemistry
ISBN:9781938168390
Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark Blaser
Publisher:OpenStax
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
Chemistry
ISBN:9781305079243
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl
Publisher:Cengage Learning
The Laws of Thermodynamics, Entropy, and Gibbs Free Energy; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8N1BxHgsoOw;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY