Principles Of Electric Circuits
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780134879482
Author: Floyd, Thomas L.
Publisher: Pearson,
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 6P
Convert the following to kilowatts:
- 1. 1,000 W
- 2. 3,750 W
- 3. 160 W
- 4. 50,000 W
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For a band-rejection filter, the response drops below this half power point at two locations as visualised in Figure 7, we need to find these
frequencies. Let's call the lower frequency-3dB point as fr and the higher frequency -3dB point fH. We can then find out the bandwidth as
f=fHfL, as illustrated in Figure 7.
0dB
Af
-3 dB
Figure 7. Band reject filter response diagram
Considering your AC simulation frequency response and referring to Figure 7, measure the following from your AC simulation. 1% accuracy:
(a) Upper-3db Frequency (fH) =
Hz
(b) Lower-3db Frequency (fL) =
Hz
(c) Bandwidth (Aƒ) =
Hz
(d) Quality Factor (Q) =
P 4.4-21 Determine the values of the node voltages V1, V2, and
v3 for the circuit shown in Figure P 4.4-21.
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+21
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1. What is the theoretical attenuation of the output voltage at the resonant frequency? Answer to within 1%, or enter 0, or infinity (as “inf”)
Attenuation =
Chapter 4 Solutions
Principles Of Electric Circuits
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Ch. 4 - A certain battery delivers 10 A for 6 h. What is...Ch. 4 - The kilowatt-hour is a unit of power.Ch. 4 - One watt is equal to one joule per second.Ch. 4 - 0.050 W is the same as 50 mW.Ch. 4 - Prob. 4TFQCh. 4 - The kilowatt and the horsepower are both units of...Ch. 4 - The power rating of a resistor should always be...Ch. 4 - The amount of heat that a resistor can dissipate...Ch. 4 - If the voltage across a resistor doubles, the...Ch. 4 - Watts law states that power equals voltage times...Ch. 4 - If the current through a resistor doubles, the...Ch. 4 - Within limits, a regulated power supply can...Ch. 4 - The efficiency of a power supply can be expressed...Ch. 4 - A power supply that has a negative output voltage...Ch. 4 - A battery Ah rating is a guide to the amount of...Ch. 4 - When analyzing a circuit problem, you should...Ch. 4 - Power can be defined as 1. energy 2. heat 3. the...Ch. 4 - Two hundred joules of energy are consumed in 10 s....Ch. 4 - If it takes 300 ms to use 10,000 J of energy, the...Ch. 4 - In 50 kW, there are 1. 500 W 2. 5,000 W 3. 0.5 MW...Ch. 4 - In 0.045 W, there are 1. 45 kW 2. 45 mW 3. 4,500 W...Ch. 4 - For 10 V and 50 mA, the power is 1. 500 mW 2. 0.5W...Ch. 4 - When the current through a 10 k resistor is 10 mA,...Ch. 4 - A 2.2 k resistor dissipates 0.5 W. The current is...Ch. 4 - A 330 resistor dissipates 2 W. The voltage is 1....Ch. 4 - If you used 500 W of power for 24 h, you have used...Ch. 4 - How many watt-hours represent 75 W used for 10 h?...Ch. 4 - A 100 resistor must carry a maximum current of 35...Ch. 4 - The power rating of a resistor that is to handle...Ch. 4 - A 22 half-watt resistor and a 220 half-watt...Ch. 4 - When the needle of an analog ohmmeter indicates...Ch. 4 - A 12 V battery is connected to a 600 load. Under...Ch. 4 - A given power supply is capable of providing 8 A...Ch. 4 - A power supply produces a 0.5 W output with an...Ch. 4 - If the current through a fixed resistor goes from...Ch. 4 - If the voltage across a fixed resistor goes from...Ch. 4 - A variable resistor has 5 V across it. If you...Ch. 4 - If the voltage across a resistor increases from 5...Ch. 4 - If the resistance of a load connected to a battery...Ch. 4 - If the amount of time that a battery supplies...Ch. 4 - If the current that a battery supplies to a load...Ch. 4 - If there is no load connected to a battery, its...Ch. 4 - If the output voltage of a power supply increases,...Ch. 4 - For a constant power supply output voltage, if the...Ch. 4 - For a constant power supply output voltage, if the...Ch. 4 - If the load is removed leaving the power supply...Ch. 4 - Prove that the unit for power (the watt) is...Ch. 4 - Show that there are 3.6 106 joules in a...Ch. 4 - What is the power when energy is consumed at the...Ch. 4 - How many watts are used when 7,500 J of energy are...Ch. 4 - How many watts does 1,000 J in 50 ms equal?Ch. 4 - Convert the following to kilowatts: 1. 1,000 W 2....Ch. 4 - Convert the following to megawatts: 1. 1,000,000 w...Ch. 4 - Convert the following to milliwatts: 1. 1 W 2. 0.4...Ch. 4 - Convert the following to microwatts: 1. 2 W 2....Ch. 4 - Convert the following to watts: 1. 1.5 kW 2. 0.5...Ch. 4 - Prob. 11PCh. 4 - If a 300 W bulb is allowed to burn continuously...Ch. 4 - At the end of a 31-day period, your utility bill...Ch. 4 - Convert 5 106 watt-minutes to kWh.Ch. 4 - Convert 6,700 watt-seconds to kWh.Ch. 4 - For how many seconds must there be 5 A of current...Ch. 4 - If a 75 V source is supplying 2 A to a load, what...Ch. 4 - If a resistor has 5.5 V across it and 3 mA through...Ch. 4 - An electric heater works on 120 V and draws 3 A of...Ch. 4 - What is the power when there are 500 mA of current...Ch. 4 - Calculate the power dissipated by a 10 k resistor...Ch. 4 - If there are 60 V across a 680 resistor, what is...Ch. 4 - A 56 resistor is connected across the terminals...Ch. 4 - If a resistor is to carry 2 A of current and...Ch. 4 - A 12 V source is connected across a 10 resistor....Ch. 4 - The maximum voltage is 1 V and the maximum current...Ch. 4 - A 6.8 k resistor has burned out in a circuit. You...Ch. 4 - A certain type of power resistor comes in the...Ch. 4 - For each circuit in Figure 414, assign the proper...Ch. 4 - A 50 load uses 1 W of power. What is the output...Ch. 4 - Assume that an alkaline D-cell battery can...Ch. 4 - What is the total energy in joules that is...Ch. 4 - A battery can provide an average of 1.5 A of...Ch. 4 - How much average current can be drawn from an 80...Ch. 4 - If a battery is rated at 650 mAh, how much average...Ch. 4 - If the input power is 500 mW and the output power...Ch. 4 - To operate at 85% efficiency, how much output...Ch. 4 - Prob. 39P
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- What is the settling time for your output signal (BRF_OUT)? For this question, We define the settling time as the period of time it has taken for the output to settle into a steady state - ie when your oscillation first decays (aka reduces) to less than approximately 1/20 (5%) of the initial value. (a) Settling time = 22 μs Your last answer was interpreted as follows: Incorrect answer. Check 22 222 What is the peak to peak output voltage (BRF_OUT pp) at the steady state condition? You may need to use the zoom function to perform this calculation. Select a time point that is two times the settling time you answered in the question above. Answer to within 10% accuracy. (a) BRF_OUT pp= mVpp As you may have noticed, the output voltage amplitude is a tiny fraction of the input voltage, i.e. it has been significantly attenuated. Calculate the attenuation (decibels = dB) in the output signal as compared to the input based on the formula given below. Answer to within 1% accuracy.…arrow_forwardmy previous answers for a,b,d were wrong a = 1050 b = 950 d=9.99 c was the only correct value i got previously c = 100hz is correctarrow_forwardV₁(t) ww ZRI ZLI ZL2 ZTH Zci VTH Zc21 Figure 8. Circuit diagram showing calculation approach for VTH and Z TH we want to create a blackbox for the red region, we want to use the same input signal conditions as previously the design of your interference ector circuit: Sine wave with a 1 Vpp, with a frequency of 100 kHz (interference) Square wave with 2.4Vpp, with a frequency of 10 kHz (signal) member an AC Thevenin equivalent is only valid at one frequency. We have chosen to calculate the Thevenin equivalent circuit (and therefore the ackbox) at the interference frequency (i.e. 100 kHz), and the signal frequency (i.e. 10 kHz) as these are the key frequencies to analyse. Your boss is assured you that the waveform converter module has been pre-optimised to the DAB Receiver if you use the recommended circuit topology.arrow_forward
- Vs(t) + v(t) + vi(t) ZR ZL Figure 1: Second order RLC circuit Zc + ve(t) You are requested to design the circuit shown in Figure 1. The circuit is assumed to be operating at its resonant frequency when it is fed by a sinusoidal voltage source Vs (t) = 2sin(le6t). To help design your circuit you have been given the value of inductive reactance ZL = j1000. Assume that the amplitude of the current at resonance is Is (t) = 2 mA. Based on this information, answer the following to help design your circuit. Use cartesian notation for your answers, where required.arrow_forwardWhat is the attenuation at the resonant frequency? You should use the LTSpice cursors for your measurement. Answer to within 1% accuracy, or enter 0, or infinity (as "inf") (a) Attenuation (dB) = dB Check You may have noticed that it was significantly easier to use frequency-domain "AC" simulation to measure the attenuation, compared to the steps we performed in the last few questions. (i.e. via a time-domain "transient" simulation). AC analysis allows us to observe and quantify large scale positive or negative changes in a signal of interest across a wide range of different frequencies. From the response you will notice that only frequencies that are relatively close to 100 kHz have been attenuated. This is the result of the Band-reject filter you have designed, and shows the 'rejection' (aka attenuation) of any frequencies that lie in a given band. The obvious follow-up question is how do we define this band? We use a quantity known as the bandwidth. A commonly used measurement for…arrow_forwardV₁(t) ww ZRI ZLI ZL2 ZTH Zci VTH Zc21 Figure 8. Circuit diagram showing calculation approach for VTH and Z TH we want to create a blackbox for the red region, we want to use the same input signal conditions as previously the design of your interference ector circuit: Sine wave with a 1 Vpp, with a frequency of 100 kHz (interference) Square wave with 2.4Vpp, with a frequency of 10 kHz (signal) member an AC Thevenin equivalent is only valid at one frequency. We have chosen to calculate the Thevenin equivalent circuit (and therefore the ackbox) at the interference frequency (i.e. 100 kHz), and the signal frequency (i.e. 10 kHz) as these are the key frequencies to analyse. Your boss is assured you that the waveform converter module has been pre-optimised to the DAB Receiver if you use the recommended circuit topology.arrow_forward
- Vs(t) + v(t) + vi(t) ZR ZL Figure 1: Second order RLC circuit Zc + ve(t) You are requested to design the circuit shown in Figure 1. The circuit is assumed to be operating at its resonant frequency when it is fed by a sinusoidal voltage source Vs (t) = 2sin(le6t). To help design your circuit you have been given the value of inductive reactance ZL = j1000. Assume that the amplitude of the current at resonance is Is (t) = 2 mA. Based on this information, answer the following to help design your circuit. Use cartesian notation for your answers, where required.arrow_forwardFor a band-rejection filter, the response drops below this half power point at two locations as visualised in Figure 7, we need to find these frequencies. Let's call the lower frequency-3dB point as fr and the higher frequency -3dB point fH. We can then find out the bandwidth as f=fHfL, as illustrated in Figure 7. 0dB Af -3 dB Figure 7. Band reject filter response diagram Considering your AC simulation frequency response and referring to Figure 7, measure the following from your AC simulation. 1% accuracy: (a) Upper-3db Frequency (fH) = Hz (b) Lower-3db Frequency (fL) = Hz (c) Bandwidth (Aƒ) = Hz (d) Quality Factor (Q) =arrow_forwardV₁(t) ww ZRI ZLI Z12 Zci Zcz Figure 4. Notch filter circuit topology ши Consider the second order resonant circuit shown in Figure 4. Impedances ZLIZ C1. ZL2. Z c2 combine together forming a two-stage "band- reject" filter, so called because it rejects a "band" (aka range) of frequencies. This circuit topology is also commonly referred to as a "band-stop" filter or "notch" filter. The output of the DAB receiver block has been approximated via Thevenin's theorem for you as a voltage source Vs (t) and associated series impedance Z RI To succeed in our goal, we are going to use an iterative design approach. First we will design the interference rejector, and then repeat the process, using the output of the interference rejector to check the provided waveform converter works as intended.arrow_forward
- 1. What is the settling time for your output signal (BRF_OUT)? For this question, We define the settling time as the period of time it has taken for the output to settle into a steady state - ie when your oscillation first decays (aka reduces) to less than approximately 1/20 (5%) of the initial value. (a) Settling timearrow_forward2. What is the total impedance Zt of your designed circuit? Represent your result in cartesian form NOTE: use j to represent sqare root Zt=arrow_forwardAn electric resistance space heater is designed such that it resembles a rectangular box 55 cm high, 75 cm long, and 20 cm wide filled with 45 kg of oil. The heater is to be placed against a wall, and thus heat transfer from its back surface is negligible. The surface temperature of the heater is not to exceed 75°C in a room at 25°C for safety considerations. The emissivity of the outer surface of the heater is 0.8 and the average temperature of the ceiling and wall surfaces is the same as the room air temperature. The properties of air at 1 atm and the film temperature are: k = 0.02753 W/m-°C, v=1.798 x 10-5 m²/s, Pr = 0.7228, and ẞ= 0.003096K-1 Wall T₁ =75°C Oil € = 0.8 Electric heater Heating element Disregarding heat transfer from the bottom and top surfaces of the heater in anticipation that the top surface will be used as a shelf, determine the power rating of the heater in W. The power rating of the heater is W.arrow_forward
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