GENERAL,ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM-ACCES
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781265982959
Author: SMITH
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 4, Problem 63P
Interpretation Introduction
(a)
Interpretation:
Bonds formed between H and Br should be classified as polarcovalent or ionic based on the electronegativity of atoms.
Concept Introduction:
The electronegativity of atoms defines the bond characteristics, as the electron distribution of the bond can be predicted by electronegativity. Electronegativity is tendency to pull bond electrons towards an atom. Electronegativity difference between bonded atoms defines the nature of bond as stated in the following table.
| Electronegativity difference | Type of bond | Electron distribution in bond. |
| 0.5 > | Nonpolar | Electrons are equally distributed. |
| 0.5 -1.9 | Polar covalent | Electrons are unequally distributed between bonded atoms. (more electrons towards more electronegative atom). |
| 1.9 ≤ | Ionic | Electron has been donated to the more electronegative atom from less electronegative atom. |
Expert Solution
Answer to Problem 63P
The bond between H and Br atom is polar covalent.
Explanation of Solution
The electronegativity of H and Br atom is 2.1 and 2.8 respectively. The electronegativity difference will be 0.7.
Since,
| Electronegativity difference | Type of bond | Electron distribution in bond. |
| 0.5 > | Nonpolar | Electrons are equally distributed. |
| 0.5 -1.9 | Polar covalent | Electrons are unequally distributed between bonded atoms. (more electrons towards more electronegative atom). |
| 1.9 ≤ | Ionic | Electron has been donated to the more electronegative atom from less electronegative atom. |
Thus, the bond will be polar covalent in nature.
Interpretation Introduction
(b)
Interpretation:
Bonds formed between Na and S should be classified as polar covalent or ionic based on the electronegativity of atoms.
Concept Introduction:
The electronegativity of atoms defines the bond characteristics, as the electron distribution of the bond can be predicted by electronegativity. Electronegativity is tendency to pull bond electrons towards an atom. Electronegativity difference between bonded atoms defines the nature of bond as stated in the following table.
| Electronegativity difference | Type of bond | Electron distribution in bond. |
| 0.5 > | Nonpolar | Electrons are equally distributed. |
| 0.5 -1.9 | Polar covalent | Electrons are unequally distributed between bonded atoms. (more electrons towards more electronegative atom). |
| 1.9 ≤ | Ionic | Electron has been donated to the more electronegative atom from less electronegative atom. |
Expert Solution
Answer to Problem 63P
The bond between Na and S atom is polar covalent.
Explanation of Solution
The electronegativity of Na and S atom is 0.9 and 2.5 respectively. The electronegativity difference will be 1.6.
Since,
| Electronegativity difference | Type of bond | Electron distribution in bond. |
| 0.5 > | Nonpolar | Electrons are equally distributed. |
| 0.5 -1.9 | Polar covalent | Electrons are unequally distributed between bonded atoms. (more electrons towards more electronegative atom). |
| 1.9 ≤ | Ionic | Electron has been donated to the more electronegative atom from less electronegative atom. |
Thus, the bond will be polar covalent in nature.
Interpretation Introduction
(c)
Interpretation:
Bonds formed between N and C should be classified as polar covalent or ionic based on the electronegativity of atoms.
Concept Introduction:
The electronegativity of atoms defines the bond characteristics, as the electron distribution of the bond can be predicted by electronegativity. Electronegativity is tendency to pull bond electrons towards an atom. Electronegativity difference between bonded atoms defines the nature of bond as stated in the following table.
| Electronegativity difference | Type of bond | Electron distribution in bond. |
| 0.5 > | Nonpolar | Electrons are equally distributed. |
| 0.5 -1.9 | Polar covalent | Electrons are unequally distributed between bonded atoms. (more electrons towards more electronegative atom). |
| 1.9 ≤ | Ionic | Electron has been donated to the more electronegative atom from less electronegative atom. |
Expert Solution
Answer to Problem 63P
The bond between N and C atom is polar covalent.
Explanation of Solution
The electronegativity of N and C atom is 3.0 and 2.7 respectively. The electronegativity difference will be 0.5.
Since,
| Electronegativity difference | Type of bond | Electron distribution in bond. |
| 0.5 > | Nonpolar | Electrons are equally distributed. |
| 0.5 -1.9 | Polar covalent | Electrons are unequally distributed between bonded atoms. (more electrons towards more electronegative atom). |
| 1.9 ≤ | Ionic | Electron has been donated to the more electronegative atom from less electronegative atom. |
Thus, the bond will be polar covalent in nature.
Interpretation Introduction
(d)
Interpretation:
Bonds formed between Li and O should be classified as polar covalent or ionic based on the electronegativity of atoms.
Concept Introduction:
The electronegativity of atoms defines the bond characteristics, as the electron distribution of the bond can be predicted by electronegativity. Electronegativity is tendency to pull bond electrons towards an atom. Electronegativity difference between bonded atoms defines the nature of bond as stated in the following table.
| Electronegativity difference | Type of bond | Electron distribution in bond. |
| 0.5 > | Nonpolar | Electrons are equally distributed. |
| 0.5 -1.9 | Polar covalent | Electrons are unequally distributed between bonded atoms. (more electrons towards more electronegative atom). |
| 1.9 ≤ | Ionic | Electron has been donated to the more electronegative atom from less electronegative atom. |
Expert Solution
Answer to Problem 63P
The bond between Li and O is ionic.
Explanation of Solution
The electronegativity of Li and O atom is 1.0 and 3.5 respectively. The electronegativity difference will be 2.5.
Since,
| Electronegativity difference | Type of bond | Electron distribution in bond. |
| 0.5 > | Nonpolar | Electrons are equally distributed. |
| 0.5 -1.9 | Polar covalent | Electrons are unequally distributed between bonded atoms. (more electrons towards more electronegative atom). |
| 1.9 ≤ | Ionic | Electron has been donated to the more electronegative atom from less electronegative atom. |
Thus, the bond will be ionic in nature.
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GENERAL,ORGANIC, & BIOLOGICAL CHEM-ACCES
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