Chapter 4, Problem 57E

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The molecular equation, complete ionic equation and net ionic equation representing the reaction of given acid and base are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The chemical equation in which molecules of reactants and products are present is termed as molecular equation. The substance that are strong electrolytes will get dissociate into their constituent ions. Therefore, the chemical equation which contains ions only is termed as complete ionic equation. The equation obtained by the elimination of spectator ions from the complete ionic equation is known as net ionic equation.

Answer to Problem 57E

The molecular equation is shown below.

  ${\text{HNO}}_3\left(aq\right)+\text{Al}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_3\left(s\right)\to \text{Al}{\left({\text{NO}}_3\right)}_3\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}\left(l\right)$

The complete ionic equation is shown below.

  $\begin{array}{l}{\text{3H}}^{+}\left(aq\right)+3{\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{-}\left(aq\right)+\text{Al}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_3\left(s\right)\to \\ {\text{Al}}^{3+}\left(aq\right)+3{\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{-}\left(aq\right)+3{\text{H}}_2\text{O}\left(l\right)\end{array}$

The net ionic equation is ${\text{3H}}^{+}\left(aq\right)+\text{Al}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_3\left(s\right)\to {\text{Al}}^{3+}\left(aq\right)+3{\text{H}}_2\text{O}\left(l\right)$ .

Explanation of Solution

The molecular equation representing the reaction between ${\text{HNO}}_3$ and solid $\text{Al}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_3$ is shown below.

  ${\text{3HNO}}_3\left(aq\right)+\text{Al}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_3\left(s\right)\to \text{Al}{\left({\text{NO}}_3\right)}_3\left(aq\right)+3{\text{H}}_2\text{O}\left(l\right)$

The substance that are strong electrolytes will get dissociate into their constituent ions. Therefore, the complete ionic equation representing the reaction between ${\text{HNO}}_3$ and solid $\text{Al}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_3$ is shown below.

  $\begin{array}{l}{\text{3H}}^{+}\left(aq\right)+3{\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{-}\left(aq\right)+\text{Al}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_3\left(s\right)\to \\ {\text{Al}}^{3+}\left(aq\right)+3{\text{NO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{-}\left(aq\right)+3{\text{H}}_2\text{O}\left(l\right)\end{array}$

The net ionic equation is obtained by eliminating the spectator ions present on left and right side of the complete ionic equation. Therefore, the net ionic equation representing the formation of precipitate is shown below.

  ${\text{3H}}^{+}\left(aq\right)+\text{Al}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_3\left(s\right)\to {\text{Al}}^{3+}\left(aq\right)+3{\text{H}}_2\text{O}\left(l\right)$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The molecular equation, complete ionic equation and net ionic equation representing the reaction of given acid and base are to be stated.

Concept introduction: The chemical equation in which molecules of reactants and products are present is termed as molecular equation. The substance that are strong electrolytes will get dissociate into their constituent ions. Therefore, the chemical equation which contains ions only is termed as complete ionic equation. The equation obtained by the elimination of spectator ions from the complete ionic equation is known as net ionic equation.

Answer to Problem 57E

The molecular equation is shown below.

  ${\text{HC}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(aq\right)+\text{KOH}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{KC}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}\left(l\right)$

The complete ionic equation is shown below.

  $\begin{array}{l}{\text{H}}^{+}\left(aq\right)+{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}{}^{-}\left(aq\right)+{\text{K}}^{+}\left(aq\right)+{\text{OH}}^{-}\left(aq\right)\to \\ {\text{K}}^{+}\left(aq\right)+{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}{}^{-}\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}\left(l\right)\end{array}$

The net ionic equation is ${\text{OH}}^{-}\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}^{+}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{H}}_2\text{O}\left(l\right)$ .

Explanation of Solution

The molecular equation representing the reaction between ${\text{HC}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ and $\text{KOH}$ is shown below.

  ${\text{HC}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(aq\right)+\text{KOH}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{KC}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}\left(l\right)$

The substance that are strong electrolytes will get dissociate into their constituent ions. Therefore, the complete ionic equation representing the reaction between ${\text{HC}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ and $\text{KOH}$ is shown below.

  $\begin{array}{l}{\text{H}}^{+}\left(aq\right)+{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}{}^{-}\left(aq\right)+{\text{K}}^{+}\left(aq\right)+{\text{OH}}^{-}\left(aq\right)\to \\ {\text{K}}^{+}\left(aq\right)+{\text{C}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}{}^{-}\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}_2\text{O}\left(l\right)\end{array}$

The net ionic equation is obtained by eliminating the spectator ions present on left and right side of the complete ionic equation. Therefore, the net ionic equation representing the formation of precipitate is shown below.

  ${\text{OH}}^{-}\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}^{+}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{H}}_2\text{O}\left(l\right)$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The molecular equation, complete ionic equation and net ionic equation representing the reaction of given acid and base are to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The chemical equation in which molecules of reactants and products are present is termed as molecular equation. The substance that are strong electrolytes will get dissociate into their constituent ions. Therefore, the chemical equation which contains ions only is termed as complete ionic equation. The equation obtained by the elimination of spectator ions from the complete ionic equation is known as net ionic equation.

Answer to Problem 57E

The molecular equation is shown below.

  $\text{Ca}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(aq\right)+2\text{HCl}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{CaCl}}_{\text{2}}\left(aq\right)+2{\text{H}}_2\text{O}\left(l\right)$

The complete ionic equation is shown below.

  $\begin{array}{l}{\text{Ca}}^{2+}\left(aq\right)+2{\text{OH}}^{-}\left(aq\right)+2{\text{H}}^{+}\left(aq\right)+2{\text{Cl}}^{-}\left(aq\right)\to \\ {\text{Ca}}^{2+}\left(aq\right)+2{\text{Cl}}^{-}\left(aq\right)+2{\text{H}}_2\text{O}\left(l\right)\end{array}$

The net ionic equation is ${\text{OH}}^{-}\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}^{+}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{H}}_2\text{O}\left(l\right)$ .

Explanation of Solution

The molecular equation representing the reaction between $\text{Ca}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}$ and $\text{HCl}$ is shown below.

  $\text{Ca}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}\left(aq\right)+2\text{HCl}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{CaCl}}_{\text{2}}\left(aq\right)+2{\text{H}}_2\text{O}\left(l\right)$

The substance that are strong electrolytes will get dissociate into their constituent ions. Therefore, the complete ionic equation representing the reaction between $\text{Ca}{\left(\text{OH}\right)}_{\text{2}}$ and $\text{HCl}$ is shown below.

  $\begin{array}{l}{\text{Ca}}^{2+}\left(aq\right)+2{\text{OH}}^{-}\left(aq\right)+2{\text{H}}^{+}\left(aq\right)+2{\text{Cl}}^{-}\left(aq\right)\to \\ {\text{Ca}}^{2+}\left(aq\right)+2{\text{Cl}}^{-}\left(aq\right)+2{\text{H}}_2\text{O}\left(l\right)\end{array}$

The net ionic equation is obtained by eliminating the spectator ions present on left and right side of the complete ionic equation. Therefore, the net ionic equation representing the formation of precipitate is shown below.

  ${\text{OH}}^{-}\left(aq\right)+{\text{H}}^{+}\left(aq\right)\to {\text{H}}_2\text{O}\left(l\right)$