
(a)
Interpretation:
The average oxidation states of copper in the materials having formulas
Concept Introduction:
Oxidation state is also known as oxidation number. It is defined as the numbers which are assign to the elements in a chemical combination and number represents the electrons which an atom can share, lose or gain to form
Therefore, transfer of electrons refers to the oxidation state.
(a)

Answer to Problem 132MP
In
In
In
Explanation of Solution
The given material is
According to the rules of oxidation states, oxygen is assigned as oxidation state of -2, yttrium is assigned as oxidation state of +3 and barium is assigned as oxidation state of +2. Now, oxidation state of copper should be determined, since overall charge on the molecule is zero.
Therefore, let x be the oxidation state of copper.
+6 charge is net charge of per unit cell, which is compensated by three Cu atoms with a net charge of
The given material is
According to the rules of oxidation states, oxygen is assigned as oxidation state of -2, yttrium is assigned as oxidation state of +3 and barium is assigned as oxidation state of +2. Now, oxidation state of copper should be determined, since overall charge on the molecule is zero.
Therefore, let x be the oxidation state of copper.
+7 charge is net charge of per unit cell, which is compensated by three Cu atoms with a net charge of
The given material is
According to the rules of oxidation states, oxygen is assigned as oxidation state of -2, yttrium is assigned as oxidation state of +3 and barium is assigned as oxidation state of +2. Now, oxidation state of copper should be determined, since overall charge on the molecule is zero.
Therefore, let x be the oxidation state of copper.
+9 charge is net charge of per unit cell, which is compensated by three Cu atoms with a net charge of
Thus, the average oxidation state of copper in material
The average oxidation state of copper in material
The average oxidation state of copper in material
(b)
Interpretation:
The equations should be balanced which are involved in copper analysis.
Concept Introduction:
The
A reduction or an oxidation reaction is known as half reaction.
Balance all atoms including oxygen and hydrogen atoms are carried out by addition of water molecule (to balance oxygen) and hydrogen ion (to balance hydrogen) in the half reactions. Number of electrons and charge should be balanced after that makes the number of electrons equal in both
(b)

Answer to Problem 132MP
The formula of superconductor is
Oxidation state of copper is +2.
Explanation of Solution
Given information:
A sample of one superconductor treated directly with
A sample of second superconductor is dissolved in acid which converts all copper to
Now, two reactions which are involved in copper analysis is given as:
For first reaction:
The above reaction is separated (oxidation-reduction reaction) as:
Balance all the atoms other than hydrogen and oxygen.
Balance oxygen atoms.
Balance hydrogen atoms.
Balance charge and number of electrons.
Multiply (1) by 2.
Add both equations:
The balanced equation is written as:
For second reaction:
The above reaction is separated (oxidation-reduction reaction) as:
Balance all the atoms other than hydrogen and oxygen.
Balance oxygen atoms.
Balance hydrogen atoms.
Balance charge and number of electrons.
Add both equations:
The balanced equation is written as:
(c)
Interpretation:
The formula of the superconductor sample should be determined along with the average oxidation state of copper in this material.
Concept Introduction:
Mole is SI unit which is used to measure the quantity of the substance. It is the quantity of a substance which contains same number of atoms as present in accurately 12.00 g of carbon-12 is known as mole.
Number of moles of a compound is defined as the ratio of given mass of the compound to the molar or molecular mass of the compound.
The mathematical expression is given by:
Number of moles =
Molarity is defined as the ratio of number of moles to the volume of solution in L.
The mathematical expression is:
(c)

Answer to Problem 132MP
Molarity of
Explanation of Solution
Given information:
In step i,
Volume of
Molarity of
Mass of sample = 562.5 mg
In step ii,
Volume of
Molarity of
Mass of sample = 504.2 mg
The mathematical expression for calculating molarity is:
Rearrange the above formula in terms of number of moles:
For step (i)
Convert the given volume in mL to L.
Since, 1L=1000 mL
Thus, volume in L =
=
Number of moles of
=
For step (ii)
Convert the given volume in mL to L.
Since, 1L=1000 mL
Thus, volume in L =
=
Number of moles of
=
Now, the balanced reaction between
Now, for step (i)
Number of moles of
Now, for step (ii)
Number of moles of
Balanced equation for step (i):
Number of moles of
Number of moles of
Total number of moles =
=
Since, 1 mole of sample has three moles of copper.
Thus,
Number of moles of copper in sample =
=
Molar mass of
=
=
Number of moles =
Put the values,
Now, for step (ii)
Number of moles of copper=
1 mole of sample contains 3 moles of copper.
Thus, number of moles of copper in sample =
=
Number of moles =
Mass of sample = 504.2 mg
Put the values,
Now,
For step (ii)
Add both equations,
The balance combined equation is written as:
Now,
Equate value of molar mass from step (ii) and molar mass from step (i)
Thus, the formula of superconductor is
Now,
According to the rules of oxidation states, oxygen is assigned as oxidation state of -2, yttrium is assigned as oxidation state of +3 and barium is assigned as oxidation state of +2. Now, oxidation state of copper should be determined, since overall charge on the molecule is zero.
Therefore, let x be the oxidation state of copper.
+7 charge is net charge of per unit cell, which is compensated by three Cu atoms with a net charge of
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 4 Solutions
EBK CHEMICAL PRINCIPLES
- Propose a synthesis pathway for the following transformations. b) c) d)arrow_forwardThe rate coefficient of the gas-phase reaction 2 NO2 + O3 → N2O5 + O2 is 2.0x104 mol–1 dm3 s–1 at 300 K. Indicate whether the order of the reaction is 0, 1, or 2.arrow_forward8. Draw all the resonance forms for each of the following molecules or ions, and indicate the major contributor in each case, or if they are equivalent. (4.5 pts) (a) PH2 سمةarrow_forward
- 3. Assign absolute configuration (Rors) to each chirality center. a. H Nitz C. он b. 0 H-C. C H 7 C. ་-4 917-417 refs H 1つ ८ ડુ d. Но f. -2- 01 Ho -OH 2HNarrow_forwardHow many signals do you expect in the H NMR spectrum for this molecule? Br Br Write the answer below. Also, in each of the drawing areas below is a copy of the molecule, with Hs shown. In each copy, one of the H atoms is colored red. Highlight in red all other H atoms that would contribute to the same signal as the H already highlighted red. Note for advanced students: In this question, any multiplet is counted as one signal. Number of signals in the 'H NMR spectrum. For the molecule in the top drawing area, highlight in red any other H atoms that will contribute to the same signal as the H atom already highlighted red. If no other H atoms will contribute, check the box at right. No additional Hs to color in top molecule For the molecule in the bottom drawing area, highlight in red any other H atoms that will contribute to the same signal as the H atom already highlighted red. If no other H atoms will contribute, check the box at right. No additional Hs to color in bottom moleculearrow_forwardIn the drawing area below, draw the major products of this organic reaction: 1. NaOH ? 2. CH3Br If there are no major products, because nothing much will happen to the reactant under these reaction conditions, check the box under the drawing area instead. No reaction. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. ☐ : A คarrow_forward
- Predict the major products of the following organic reaction: NC Δ ? Some important Notes: • Draw the major product, or products, of the reaction in the drawing area below. • If there aren't any products, because no reaction will take place, check the box below the drawing area instead. • Be sure to draw bonds carefully to show important geometric relationships between substituents. Note: if your answer contains a complicated ring structure, you must use one of the molecular fragment stamps (available in the menu at right) to enter the ring structure. You can add any substituents using the pencil tool in the usual way. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Х аarrow_forwardPredict the major products of this organic reaction. Be sure you use dash and wedge bonds to show stereochemistry where it's important. + ☑ OH 1. TsCl, py .... 文 P 2. t-BuO K Click and drag to start drawing a structure.arrow_forwardConsider this organic reaction: ( Draw the major products of the reaction in the drawing area below. If there won't be any major products, because this reaction won't happen at a significant rate, check the box under the drawing area instead. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Х : а ค 1arrow_forward
- In the drawing area below, draw the major products of this organic reaction: If there are no major products, because nothing much will happen to the reactant under these reaction conditions, check the box under the drawing area instead. 1. NaH 2. CH3Br ? Click and drag to start drawing a structure. No reaction. : ☐ Narrow_forward+ Predict the major product of the following reaction. : ☐ + ☑ ค OH H₂SO4 Click and drag to start drawing a structure.arrow_forwardConsider this organic reaction: ... OH CI Draw the major products of the reaction in the drawing area below. If there won't be any major products, because this reaction won't happen at a significant rate, check the box under the drawing area instead. ☐ No Reaction. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. : аarrow_forward
- General Chemistry - Standalone book (MindTap Cour...ChemistryISBN:9781305580343Author:Steven D. Gammon, Ebbing, Darrell Ebbing, Steven D., Darrell; Gammon, Darrell Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon, Darrell D.; Gammon, Ebbing; Steven D. Gammon; DarrellPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
- Chemistry: An Atoms First ApproachChemistryISBN:9781305079243Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. ZumdahlPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning





