Life in the Universe (4th Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780134089089
Author: Jeffrey O. Bennett, Seth Shostak
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 4, Problem 4RQ
How are sedimentary strata made, and how do they enable us to determine the relative ages of rocks and fossils?
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The diagram below shows the layers of rock having an ammonite:
Which statement about the rock fossils is true? (4 points)
a
Fossil Y is older than fossil X.
b
Fossil Z is younger than fossil Y.
c
Fossil Z existed over many periods of time.
d
Fossil Y existed during the same period as the ammonite.
Suppose you are hiking in the mountains of Utah and find a fossil of an animal that lived on the ocean floor. You learn the rock that holds the fossils is from the Mississippi period. What was the environment like during the Mississippian in Utah?
Using the same dating method (U235 and Pb207), the amount of Pb207 found in layer H is 75% and the amount of U235 found in layer I is 50%. For at least how many million years had the layer H been exposed on the surface to receive weathering and erosion before layer I started to form?
Chapter 4 Solutions
Life in the Universe (4th Edition)
Ch. 4 - Briefly describe three aspects of geology that are...Ch. 4 - What do we mean by the geological record? Why is...Ch. 4 - Describe the three basic types of rock and the...Ch. 4 - How are sedimentary strata made, and how do they...Ch. 4 - Describe the technique of radiometric dating, and...Ch. 4 - How do fossils form? Do most living organisms...Ch. 4 - Summarize the geological time scale. What are...Ch. 4 - Prob. 8RQCh. 4 - Briefly describe how outgassing led to the origin...Ch. 4 - What was the heavy bombardment, and what effect...
Ch. 4 - Briefly describe Earths core-mantle-crust...Ch. 4 - Briefly describe the conveyorlike action of plate...Ch. 4 - Describe how plate tectonics shapes important...Ch. 4 - What evidence do we have for the operation of...Ch. 4 - What are the three requirements for a planetary...Ch. 4 - Briefly describe the mechanism by which the...Ch. 4 - What has happened to most of the carbon dioxide...Ch. 4 - What are ice ages, and what may cause them? What...Ch. 4 - Briefly summarize the key ways in which geology is...Ch. 4 - How do we think the Moon formed, and what evidence...Ch. 4 - We can expect that if there are paleontologists a...Ch. 4 - Nearly all the rocks I found in the lava fields of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 23TYUCh. 4 - Although Earth contains its densest material in...Ch. 4 - If you had a time machine that dropped you off on...Ch. 4 - If there were no plate tectonics on Earth, our...Ch. 4 - Without the greenhouse effect, there probably...Ch. 4 - If nitrogen were a greenhouse gas, our planet...Ch. 4 - We can learn a lot about Earths early history by...Ch. 4 - Prob. 30TYUCh. 4 - A rocks type (igneous, metamorphic, or...Ch. 4 - To learn a rocks age, we must (a) determine its...Ch. 4 - Radiometric dating now allows us to determine...Ch. 4 - Earths oceans formed (a) during the late stages of...Ch. 4 - We learn about the heavy bombardment by studying...Ch. 4 - Earth has retained a lot of internal heat...Ch. 4 - Plate tectonics is best described as a process...Ch. 4 - Earth has far less atmospheric carbon dioxide than...Ch. 4 - If Earth had more greenhouse gases in its...Ch. 4 - Snowball Earth refers to (a) one of a series of...Ch. 4 - The Age of Earth. Some people still question...Ch. 4 - Dating Planetary Surfaces. We have discussed two...Ch. 4 - Earth Without Differentiation. Suppose Earth had...Ch. 4 - Earth Without Plate Tectonics. Suppose plate...Ch. 4 - Feedback Processes in the Atmosphere. As the Sun...Ch. 4 - Geological Time. Geological time scales are often...Ch. 4 - Dating Lunar Rocks. You are analyzing Moon rocks...Ch. 4 - Carbon-14 Dating. The half-life of carbon-14 is...Ch. 4 - Martian Meteorite. Some unusual meteorites thought...Ch. 4 - Internal vs. External Heating. In daylight, Earths...Ch. 4 - Plate Tectonics. Typical motions of one plate...Ch. 4 - More Plate Tectonics. Consider a seafloor...Ch. 4 - Plate Tectonics and Us. Based on what you learned...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Describe the differences among primitive, igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock, and relate these differences to their origins.arrow_forwardKEY TERMS 1. geologic time (Intro) 2. fossil (24.1) 3. paleontology 4. amber 5. replacement fossil 6. mold 7. cast 8. trace fossil 9. relative geologic time (24.2) 10. principle of original horizontality 11. principle of superposition 12. principle of cross-cutting relationships 13. unconformities 14. correlation 15. index fossils 16. eons 17. eras 18. periods 19. absolute (numerical) geologic time (24.3) 20. radiometric dating 21. carbon-14 dating 22. geologic time scale (24.5) 23. Cambrian explosion 24. Great Dying 25. epochs 26. K-T event For each of the following items, fill in the number of the appropriate Key Term from the preceding list. a. _____ Widespread, easily identified fossils that are typical of a particular time segment of the Earths historyarrow_forwardVolcanic rock is found to have a ratio of parent K-40 to daughter Ar-40 of 1/7. What is the minimum age of the rock? The half-life of K-40 is 1.3 billion years.arrow_forward
- You are dating rocks by their proportions of parent isotope potassium-40(half life 1.25 billion years) and daughter isotope argon-40. Find the age for a rock that contains 3 times as much Argon-40 as potassium 40. Needs Complete solution with 100 % accuracy.arrow_forwardKEY TERMS 1. geologic time (Intro) 2. fossil (24.1) 3. paleontology 4. amber 5. replacement fossil 6. mold 7. cast 8. trace fossil 9. relative geologic time (24.2) 10. principle of original horizontality 11. principle of superposition 12. principle of cross-cutting relationships 13. unconformities 14. correlation 15. index fossils 16. eons 17. eras 18. periods 19. absolute (numerical) geologic time (24.3) 20. radiometric dating 21. carbon-14 dating 22. geologic time scale (24.5) 23. Cambrian explosion 24. Great Dying 25. epochs 26. K-T event For each of the following items, fill in the number of the appropriate Key Term from the preceding list. b. _____ The most devastating extinction that has ever occurredarrow_forwardSuppose that one species of index fossil lived between 410 and 380 mya and another lived between 440 and 350 mya. What can be said about the age of a rock that contains fossils of both species? Figure 24.22 Absolute Dating of Sedimentary Rocks See Exercise 7.arrow_forward
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