Life in the Universe (4th Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780134089089
Author: Jeffrey O. Bennett, Seth Shostak
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 4, Problem 3RQ
Describe the three basic types of rock and the rock cycle. What is a mineral? How do we study rocks in the laboratory?
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Life in the Universe (4th Edition)
Ch. 4 - Briefly describe three aspects of geology that are...Ch. 4 - What do we mean by the geological record? Why is...Ch. 4 - Describe the three basic types of rock and the...Ch. 4 - How are sedimentary strata made, and how do they...Ch. 4 - Describe the technique of radiometric dating, and...Ch. 4 - How do fossils form? Do most living organisms...Ch. 4 - Summarize the geological time scale. What are...Ch. 4 - Prob. 8RQCh. 4 - Briefly describe how outgassing led to the origin...Ch. 4 - What was the heavy bombardment, and what effect...
Ch. 4 - Briefly describe Earths core-mantle-crust...Ch. 4 - Briefly describe the conveyorlike action of plate...Ch. 4 - Describe how plate tectonics shapes important...Ch. 4 - What evidence do we have for the operation of...Ch. 4 - What are the three requirements for a planetary...Ch. 4 - Briefly describe the mechanism by which the...Ch. 4 - What has happened to most of the carbon dioxide...Ch. 4 - What are ice ages, and what may cause them? What...Ch. 4 - Briefly summarize the key ways in which geology is...Ch. 4 - How do we think the Moon formed, and what evidence...Ch. 4 - We can expect that if there are paleontologists a...Ch. 4 - Nearly all the rocks I found in the lava fields of...Ch. 4 - Prob. 23TYUCh. 4 - Although Earth contains its densest material in...Ch. 4 - If you had a time machine that dropped you off on...Ch. 4 - If there were no plate tectonics on Earth, our...Ch. 4 - Without the greenhouse effect, there probably...Ch. 4 - If nitrogen were a greenhouse gas, our planet...Ch. 4 - We can learn a lot about Earths early history by...Ch. 4 - Prob. 30TYUCh. 4 - A rocks type (igneous, metamorphic, or...Ch. 4 - To learn a rocks age, we must (a) determine its...Ch. 4 - Radiometric dating now allows us to determine...Ch. 4 - Earths oceans formed (a) during the late stages of...Ch. 4 - We learn about the heavy bombardment by studying...Ch. 4 - Earth has retained a lot of internal heat...Ch. 4 - Plate tectonics is best described as a process...Ch. 4 - Earth has far less atmospheric carbon dioxide than...Ch. 4 - If Earth had more greenhouse gases in its...Ch. 4 - Snowball Earth refers to (a) one of a series of...Ch. 4 - The Age of Earth. Some people still question...Ch. 4 - Dating Planetary Surfaces. We have discussed two...Ch. 4 - Earth Without Differentiation. Suppose Earth had...Ch. 4 - Earth Without Plate Tectonics. Suppose plate...Ch. 4 - Feedback Processes in the Atmosphere. As the Sun...Ch. 4 - Geological Time. Geological time scales are often...Ch. 4 - Dating Lunar Rocks. You are analyzing Moon rocks...Ch. 4 - Carbon-14 Dating. The half-life of carbon-14 is...Ch. 4 - Martian Meteorite. Some unusual meteorites thought...Ch. 4 - Internal vs. External Heating. In daylight, Earths...Ch. 4 - Plate Tectonics. Typical motions of one plate...Ch. 4 - More Plate Tectonics. Consider a seafloor...Ch. 4 - Plate Tectonics and Us. Based on what you learned...
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- Describe the differences among primitive, igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock, and relate these differences to their origins.arrow_forwardWhat are the strengths and weaknesses of the radiometric dating method?arrow_forwardWhat are the limits of the Mohs scale? Give an example mineral at each limit.arrow_forward
- The diagram below shows the layers of rock having an ammonite: Which statement about the rock fossils is true? (4 points) a Fossil Y is older than fossil X. b Fossil Z is younger than fossil Y. c Fossil Z existed over many periods of time. d Fossil Y existed during the same period as the ammonite.arrow_forward1) Distinguish between the mantle and the inner core. 2) Explain in your own words how the Earth's layers were formed. 3) Explain what cause the mantle to "flow"? 4) What are the two main metals that make up the outer and inner core?arrow_forwardMy qustion is in the picture.arrow_forward
- Metamorphic rock shows that only 25% of its original potassium-40 remains. What is the minimum age of the rock? The half-life of K-40 is 1.3 billion years.arrow_forwardWhich is evidence that supports the dynamo theory? A) Earth's outer core contains liquid that conducts electricity B) Earth's core contains a large amount of iron C) Granite and basalt conduct electricity D) Convection occurs in Earth's inner corearrow_forwardWhich must be true for metamorphism to occur? A) The parent rock must be in solid form. B) Tons of pressure must be applied. C) The process must take place underground. D) All the abovearrow_forward
- You are dating rocks by their proportions of parent isotope potassium-40(half life 1.25 billion years) and daughter isotope argon-40. Find the age for a rock that contains 3 times as much Argon-40 as potassium 40. Needs Complete solution with 100 % accuracy.arrow_forwardDescribe the various velocities used in seismic prospecting. Which one is used for stacking of data with its explanations?arrow_forwardThe IUGS uses percentage of minerals to classify the igneous rocks. Provide the assumptions used that leads to the usage of mineral percentages used for plotting ternary diagrams.arrow_forward
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